ENUMERATIO
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_ ENUMERATION OF CEYLON PLANTS, esau) FE. S | (2g
WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN GENERA AND SPECIES, OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR HABITATS, ene USES, NATIVE NAMES, zc. in eet
ee by Loe oo oe HL K. THWAITES, PLS, ee "piaxcron op TE noran ‘Boranre oanpzy, PERADENIA, ea
IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMY &
.D, HOOKER, MD, FRS,F.LS. & GS, xr
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3 DULAU & 00, 37, sod SQUARE, =
RENE ER
TO"; SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., D,C.L, Oxon., F.R.S., FAS, F.LS,, Erc.,
This Little Hork is Wevicaten,
IN TESTIMONY OF THE MOST SINCERE RESPECT
" AND AFFECTION,
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BY HIS OBLIGED FRIEND,
THE AUTHOR.
PREFACE.
.
Since the publication of Linneus’s ‘ Flora Zeylanica’ and Bur- mann’s ‘Thesaurus Zeylanicus,’ no work has .appeared, with the exception of Moon’s ‘ Catalogue,’ professing to give a list of the plants indigenous to Ceylon.
Several species of Ceylon plants have been figured and described by Sir William Hooker in his ‘Icones Plantarum’ and other va-— luable publications, from specimens collected by the late Colonel and Mrs. Walker; and a good many Ceylon plants have been
figured by Dr. Wight in his excellent ‘Icones Plantarum Indie __
- Orientalis.” Dr, Walker-Arnott has published ee of | several kinds in his ‘ Pugillus’ and elsewhere.
- Most of the Orchidacee of Ceylon have been described ty ne Dr. Lindley from specimens and —— sent to him by ae
Macrae.
My predecessor, Dr. Gardner, contributed to the ‘ Oaleutta os
Socenal of Natural History’ pemetiies of several inte oon Ceylon plants. oe
References throughout the present tote indicate where and by oe — other species have been described. .
.
Owing to the physical conformation of the island, which went = : gically belongs to the Metamorphic system, there is great diver- __
sity of climate.
_. The hills of the Central Province rise to an elevation of 830 feet, with an annual rainfall of about 100 inches.
The low country of the south of the island possesses a aL = : climate, with 4 very equable temperature, and the rainfallis con-
*
siderable, but not equal to that on the hills.
vi PREFACE.
The low northern half of the island, shut off by the hills from the rains of the south-west monsoon, has a rainy season of very short duration, and is usually extremely dry during the remainder of the year.
The character of the island vegetation varies, as might be ex- pected, in accordance with this difference of climatal conditions ; for, whilst on the hills the flora resembles very much that of the Neilgherrries, in the humid south it is more akin to that of Sumatra and the Malay Archipelago; and in the dry north of the island it would seem to be nearly identical with that of the Coromandel coast. ’
The indigenous species enumerated in the present work
amount to 2832, viz. :— :
Dicotyledones’ f°.) Sees ee Monocotyledones... 2 a Filices, Lycopodiacex, and Marsileacew . 225
Care has been taken not to multiply species unnecessarily, for observation has shown that the amount of variation is often con- siderable in plants affecting a large range of variation, and con- sequently of climate. Instances occur, as in the genera Hortonia, Mappia, Turpinia, Evonymus, Eleodendron, in which a more
elevated locality produces a form or variety possessing a stouter
habit and larger flowers than are observed in the same species when growing only a little above the level of the sea, These forms or varieties would probably be viewed by some botanists in the light of distinct though closely allied species, and they occupy,
‘in fact, that debatable ground the difficulties and perplexities of : which the practical naturalist alone knows, and which, in the _ opinion of many (and I may include myself among the number),
are only to be got rid of by the adoption of the views enunciated _ by Mr. Darwin as regards the relationship of allied forms or species by descent from a common ancestor. ee:
___ From the large extent of forest-land which has been and is now
being appropriated to coffee cultivation, there is little doubt that some of the indigenous plants will in time become exceedingly rare, if not altogether extirpated, or exist only in the botanical garden, into which as many kinds as possible are being introduced. The obtrusive character, too, of a plant brought to the island,
ee UU CS
*
PREFACE. vii
about forty years ago, is also helping to alter the character of the vegetation up to an elevation of 8000 feet. The plant alluded to is the Lantana mizta, Linn., which appears to have found in Ceylon a soil and climate exactly suited to its growth, for it now covers thousands of acres with its dense masses of foliage, taking complete possession of land where cultivation has been neglected or abandoned, preventing the growth of any other plants, and even
_ destroying small trees, the tops of which its subscandent stems
are able to reach. The fruit of this plant is so acceptable to fru- givorous birds of all kinds, that through their instrumentality it is spreading rapidly, to the complete exclusion, in spots where it becomes established, of the indigenous vegetation. ° : Brucea Swmatrana, Crotalaria incana, Lagascea mollis, Cosmos caudatus and Asclepias Curassavica, have become perfectly natural- ized, and are common weeds in the warmer parts of the island. In Newera Ellia, a few exotic plants, which were introduced with grass seed, have become naturalized ; those I have observed are Cerastium vulgatum, Hypericum humifusum, Trifoliam repens, Verbascum Thapsus, Stachys arvensis, Plantago lanceolata, and Dactylis glomerata. It now remains to express my grateful acknowledgment for assistance rendered to me during the progress of this work.
Dr. Wight, immediately on my arrival in the island, gave me = ; : his most valuable help in naming the numerous specimensI found in the herbarium, which had been collected by my predecessors, _
and principally by Dr. Gardner. ee Sir William Hooker has most kindly assisted me with his pro- —
found knowledge of the subject in determining the names of the
Ferns. — pee ee To Dr. Joseph D. Hooker I am most deeply indebted for the
invaluable aid he has been unintermittingly giving me during the whole progress of this work, and without this aid I could not aes
with any satisfaction have undertaken it.
My cordial thanks are due to Dr. Thomas Anderson for having :
undertaken the identification and description of the Acanthacee, an Order of plants to which he was at the time devoting parti- cular attention, and was studying in the herbarium at Kew. __
To the Rey. 8. O. Glenie, F.L.8., Episcopal Colonial Chaplainat Trincomalie, and to Mr. W. Ferguson, F.1.S., Civil Engineer, I am
vais PREFACE.
under great obligations for frequent valuable communications, and for specimens of plants from their respective places of resi- dence. It gives me great pleasure, too, to record the uniform courtesy and kindness with which the gentlemen, holding the im- portant and influential positions of Government Agents, have as- sisted me in carrying out the objects I had in view, when making botanical tours through their respective provinces or districts.
I would wish to associate with this little book the names of Harmanis de Alwis Modliar, and of Don Seman De Silva Aratchy, native officers, employed during many years in this establishment, the former as Draftsman, and the latter as Principal Plant-col- lector, to whose intelligent and hearty co-operation i is due much of my success in ee new and rare saponins of plants from the jungles.
Some apology may be considered necessary for the length of . time that has elapsed since the present work was commenced, but a large portion of that time has been occupied in researches con- nected with it, and these researches have, it is hoped, tended to make it more useful and more worthy of being laid before the scientific world.
Part 1, containing 80 pages, was is publi! in 1858. Part 2, from p. 81 to p. 160 inclusive, was published in 1859.
Part 3, ,, 161 ,, 240 3 = 1860. ° Part 4, ,, 241 ,, 320 54 s 1861. Part5, ,, 321 ,, 483 ‘i " 1864.
eT 2 cate
\ Royal Botanic Garden, Peradenia, Ceylon, aN _ August, 1864,
a a
ENUMERATION OF CEYLON PLANTS.
>
I. RANUNCULACEZ.
1. NARAVELIA, DC.
1. N. Zeylanica, DC. (H.f. et T. Fl. Ind. p- 3, cum syn.)—c.pP. 1009.
8. Not very uncommon in the warmer parts of the island. Nom. vulg. ‘‘ Wayoopaloo” or “ Narawella.”
2. CLEMATIS, Lin.
1. C. smilacifolia, Wall. (H.f. et T., l.c. p- 6, cum syn.)—c.P. 2690.
- Has. Atan elevation of about 3000 feet, at Allagalla and Amba- gamowa, in the Central Province.
2. ©. Gouriana, Roxb. (Hf. et T., Lc. p. 8, cum syn.)—c.P. 680.
_ Has. Newera Ellia, and other elevated parts of the Central Pro- vince.
3. THALICTRUM, Lin.
eo slyphocarpum, W. et A. (Hf. et T.,1.c. p. 16, cum syn.)— -P. 4.
Has. On rocks, Newera Ellia, Horton Plains, ete.
4, ANEMONE, Lin.
1. A. rivularis, Ham. (Hf. et T., 1. c. p- 23, cum syn.)—c.P. 1011. Haz. Newera Ellia.
5. RANUNCULUS, Lin. 1. R. sagittifolius, Hook. (H.f. et T., l.c. p. 30, cum syn.)—c.P. 520. Has. Swampy spots at Newera Ellia and Horton Plains,
oe eee nt, W. et A. (Hf. et T., Lc. p. 38, cum syn.)— —6€.p. 1012.
Has. Very common on the more elevated parts of the Central Pro- Vince, from 5000 to 8000 feet.
B
_ latis, margine subintegro ; staminibus circiter 30.
2 ENUMERATION OF [ Dilleniacee.
II. DILLENIACEA.
1. DELIMA, Lin.
1. D. sarmentosa, Lin. (H.f. et T., l.c. p.61, cum syn.)—c.P. 1015. Has. Southern parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1000 feet. Nom. vulg. ‘‘ Korasawel.”
2. TETRACERA, Lin.
1. T. levis, Vahl, (Hf. et T., l.c. p. 62, cum syn.)—c.p. 1016. Has. Between Colombo and Galle ; not very common.
3. ACROTREMA, Jack.
Cuar. EMEND.— Sepalaet petalad. Stamina indefinita, 15 vel plura ; Jjilamentis liberis, erectis, pluriserialibus, in 3 fasciculis cum ovariis alter- nantibus plus minus aggregatis; antheris sublinearibus, ab apice ad medium vel ultra lateraliter dehiscentibus. Ovaria 3, 2- vel multi-ovu- lata, sutura ventrali plus minus coherentia ; stylis subulatis, recurvatis ; stigmate minuto. Carpella irregulariter dehiscentia. *Semina mem- branaceo-arillata ; testa crustacea, cancellata.—Herbe perennantes, sub- acaules; rhizomate sublignoso; foliis magnis, parallelo-penniveniis, parce glanduloso-punctatis, denticulatis ; petiolis marginibus magnis, vaginantibus, stipularibus, denique deciduis munitis ; floribus racemosis, favis, expansis, 4-8 lin. latis ; pedicellis plus minus elongatis ; bracteis magnis, sepissime bidentatis.
Folliculis polyspermis. + Racemis brevi-pedunculatis. } Foliis indivisis, obovato-oblongis.
1, A, uniflorum, Hook. (Ic. Pl. t. 157; Hf. et T., Fl. Ind. p. 64) ; foliis superne glabris vel inter neryos pilis paucis rigidis munitis, subtus pallidioribus, glabris, costa nervisque dense strigosis ; pedicellis (siccis) adpresse pilosis. ‘
Var. a. petiolaris (c.P. 265) ; foliis angustioribus, crenatis vel crenato- dentatis, apice acuto rotundato vel retuso; staminibus 30-50.
Var. 8. rotundata (c.P. 1014 et 3484) ; foliis rotundatis brevi-petio-
Has. Not uncommon in the Central and Southern Provinces, atan elevation of from 2000 to 4000 feet, occurring, like its congeners, in __ damp shady places, generally on the banks of streams.
- Folia ged os longa, 1~3 poll. lata, petiolis (in var. a) 1-14 poll. longis. ee
A very variable species, both as to the size as well as the form of the leaves, and the number of their primary veins. 1 should not be surprised if a more critical exa- mination of fresh specimens proved vars. a and 8 to be distinct species. :
2. &. bullatum, Thw. (c.p. 239); foliis bullatis, utrinque (preecipue ue superne inter nervos et ad marginem crenato-serratum) mollissime _ sericeo-pubescentibus ; pedicellis (siccis) adpresse sericeo-pilosis.
Has. In similar places with the foregoing, and often mixed with it.
Folia 2-6 poll. longa, {2 poll. fata, petiolis $~$ poll. longis. s
This species is well distinguished by its bullate, softly pubescent leaves, characters better observed in fresh than in dried specimens. fa
3. A. sylvaticum, Thw. (c.p. 2659); foliis utrinque minute pilosis,
Dilleniacee. | CEYLON PLANTS. 3
subtus costa nervisque pilis rigidis patentibus hirsutis, apice rotundatis, basi profunde cordatis, margine subintegro; petiolo brevi; pedicellis braribas, patentim pilosis ; staminibus circiter 50. Has. Damp forest at Eknalagodde, near Ratnapoora, March, 1853. Rhizoma breve ; folia membranacea, 5-8 poll. longa, 3~4 poll. lata.
4, &. Walkeri, Wight, MSS. (c.r. 345, 446, 694) ; foliis crenato- dentatis, subauriculatis, utrinque precipue superne versus marginem et subtus ad costam nervosque pilosis ; pedicellis patentim pilosis; sta- minibus circiter 15.
Has. Not uncommon in the Central Province, at an elevation of from 2000 to 4000 feet. :
Lolia 2-5 poll. longa, 2-2 poll. lata, petiolo 3 poll. longo ; pedicelli elongati.
The leaves of this pretty species are frequently marked on the upper surface with a paler area occupying a more or less wide space on either side of the costa and primary veins ; the same peculiarity is sometimes observed in other species.
tt Folis indivisis, lanceolatis, subauriculatis.
5. A. intermedium, Thw. (c.P. 3114) ; foliis acutis, crenato-dentatis, Supra medium versus basin graduatim valde angustatis, superne ad costam marginemque et parce inter nervos hirsutis, subtus costa ner- visque adpresse pilosis ; pedicellis calycibusque patentim rigido-hirsutis ; staminibus circiter 40.
Has. Banks of streams in the Ambagamowa District, at no great elevation, February, 1854.
: Rhizoma elongatum ; folia 5-12 poll. longa, 14-24 poll. lata, petiole 1-14 poll. ongo.
6. A. lanceolatum, Hook. (H.f. et T. Fl. Ind. p. 65.)—c.r. 2660; foliis angustissime lanceolatis, acutis, sinuato-dentatis, subglabris, subtus costa nervisque adpresse brevi-hirsutis ; pedicellis patentim — parce-hirsutis ; staminibus circiter 40. i :
Has. Kittool Gulle, March, 1853. I do not know where Dr. Wight — found his specimens.
Rhizoma breve ; folia 4-12 poll. longa, 3-14 poll. lata, petiolo 4-1 poll. longo.
7. A. Gardneri, Thw. (c.p. 253) ; foliis anguste-lanceolatis vel sub- spathulatis, glabris, margine subintegro, subtus costa nervisque adpresse Pilosis ; pedicellis elongatis, adpresse-pilosis ; staminibus circiter 15. _
Has. Common in the district between Galle and Ratnapoora, on the
of streams.
Folia 14-3 poll. longa, 3-7 lin. lata, petiolo 3-6 lin. longo.
tt} Foliis decompositis. —
8. A. Thwaitesii, H.f. et T., Kew Journ. Bot. vol. 8, p. 241, t. iv. A. —C.P. 3364.—Vars. a and B. : :
Has. Dolosbage District, at no great elevation, February, 1855.
9. A. dissectum, Hf. et T., 1. c. p. 242, t. iv. B.—c.r. 3393 ; et var. Pinnatifida. :
Has. Near Hellessee, in the Pas-dun Corle, at no great elevation, May, 1855.
++ Racemis longe-pedunculatis.
10. A. lyratum, Hf. 1. c. p. 242.—c.P. 3392.
Has. Near N ces: in tho Hinidoon Corle, at an elevation of about 1000 feet, May, 1855.
4 ENUMERATION OF [ Dilleniacee.
4. SCHUMACHERIA, Vahl.
Sepala 6 (2 exteriora minora). Petala 5. Stamina indefinita, luriserialia, monadelpha, unilaterali-posteriora; jfilamentis in co- iets brevem obliquam semicylindricam coalitis, apicibus supremis liberis ; antheris lineari-oblongis, obtusis, apiculatis, bilocularibus, la- teraliter dehiscentibus. Ovaria 3 (2 anteriora), discreta, dense pilosa, uniovulata ; stylis filiformi-subulatis ; stigmate minuto. Carpella indehiscentia. “Semen erectum, subglobosum, basi arillo parvo membra- naceo munitum ; festa crustacea.—Frutices erecti ; ramis rigidis, flex- nosis ; foliis coriaceis, conspicue penniveniis; petiolo basi latiuscula, vaginante. Spicis axillaribus vel terminalibus ; floribus sessilibus, secundis, bibracteolatis, flavis, expans. 6-9 lin. latis.
Note.—The generic characters of this and the foregoing genus have been princi- pally copied from the ‘Flora Indica’ of Drs. Hooker and Thomson, such additions or slight alterations only having been made as the examination of fresh and more — specimens of the several species afforded the favourable opportunity of
ing.
: ?. S. castanevefolia, Vahl, (H.f. et T., l.c. p.66, cum syn.)—o.P. 232, 48. .
Has. Common in the Saffragam and Galle Districts, at no great ele-
vation. Nom. vulg. ‘ Kakareewara.”
2. S. angustifolia, Hf. et T., l.c. p. 66.—c.P. 2992,
Has. Abundant in the Hinidoon Corle.
Not so straggling in its growth as the preceding species, and with a good deal smaller flowers.
3. S. alnifolia, H.f. et T., l.c. p. 66.
Var. a. scabra ; foliis hirsutie rigida pauca scabris.—c.P. 9.
Var. 8. dentata (Wight, MSS.); foliis grosse et acute dentatis, subtus petiolisque hirsutis.—c.p. 339.
Var. y. subglabra; foliis subtus subglabris.—c.P. 397, 2416.
Has. Vars. a and 8, in forests in the Ambagamowa District. Var. 8, which has sharply-dentate leaves, and these more hirsute beneath and with coarser reticulation, owes its peculiarity, I believe, to growing in a more damp and shady locality. Var. y occurs in forests in the Hunasgiria District.
5. WORMIA, Rottb.
1, W. triquetra, Rottb. (H.f. et T., lc. p. 67, cum syn.)—c.P. 1013.
Has. Common in the moist, warmer parts of the island, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. ‘ Deeyapara.”
Arbor mediocris ; foliorum petiolis canaliculatis, stipulari-marginatis (marginibus vaginantibus, cito deciduis), basi externe appendicula carnosa prominente hippo- crepiformi semicinctis ; foribus secundis ; sepa/is post anthesin parce accrescentibus, imprimis arcte imbricato-convergentibus, denique fructu maturo apertis vel reflexis ; petalis plicato-rugosis, albis, basi pallide viridescentibus, caducis ; staminibus erectis, luteis, circiter 3-serialibus, subeequilongis, persistentibus ; ovariis 5, circiter 8-ovu- latis ; ovudis biserialibus ; carpeliis indehiscentibus, 1-2-spermis ; seminidus arillatis, in pulpa pellucida gelatinosa nidulantibus.
The carpels of this, the original species of the genus, being indehiscent, it would seem doubtful whether some of the other species now included in the genus should be retained in it, or Blume’s genus Capellia be restored for their reception.
Schizandracec. | CEYLON PLANTS. 5
6. DILLENIA, Lin.
1. D. speciosa, Thunb. (Hf. et T., lc. p. 69, cum syn.)—c.P. 2961.
Has. Common in the warmer parts of the island, up to an elevation of 2000 feet; most frequent on the banks of streams. Nom. vulg. “* Hondapara.”
Sect. Conperttia, Salisb.
2. D. retusa, Thunb. (Wormia retusa, H.f. et T., le. p- 68, cum syn.)—C.P. 2960.
- Has. In similar situations with the preceding species, but by no means so abundant. Nom. vulg. “ Godapara,”
Arbor mediocris ; petalis albis; staminibus numerosis, 5—6-serialibus (externis graduatim brevioribus), pallide sanguineis ; antherarum loculis lateralibus, albis ; ovariis 5, 30-35-ovulatis ; sty/is filiformi-subulatis, recurvatis ; ovudis 4-serialibus ; Jructu maturo pendulo, croceo, 14-14 poll. diam.; carpedlis indehiscentibus, calyce valde aucto carnoso arcte inclusis ; seminibus exarillatis, in pulpa pellucida gelati- nosa nidulantibus.
There can be no doubt that this handsome species belongs to the Colbertia section of Dillenia, though it seems to differ from the others in having white instead of yellow petals. There is an indication of the stamens being collected into five groups alternating with the carpels.
tT . D. integra, Thunb. (Wormia integra, H.f. et T., lc. p. 68, cum syn.
I know nothing of this plant, and suspect there must be some error in a fourth species of these large Dilleniaceous trees being attributed to Ceylon.
Ill. MAGNOLIACEA.
1. MICHELIA, Lin. ,
1. M. Nilagirica, Zenk. (H.f. et T., l.c. p. 82, cum syn.)
Var. a. ovalifolia, Wight; petalis cum sep. sepissime 9.—c.P. 141, 424.
Var. 8. Walkeri, H.f. et T. (M. Walkeri and M. glauea, Wight) ; petalis cum sepalis sepissime 12,—c.P. 2636 and 576, 299, 338, 423, 617.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 8000 feet. Nom. vulg. “é Walsappoo.” : fa
Tn Ceylon the most typical form of this plant is that called Jf. Wakeri by Dr. Wight, having rakes ong aca more or hae! glaucous on the under surface, and - Most commonly twelve petals. Between this and the oval-leaved form a gradual transition may apparently be observed, and, although the latter has most commonly nine petals, and these wider, yet, like the authors of the ‘Flora Indica,’ I have been quite unable to discover any permanent characters on which two separate, clearly-defined species can be founded. The form occurring on the Neilgherries, as shown in a specimen sent tome by Dr. Hooker, differs from any I have seen growing in Ceylon in its larger leaves and much larger petals.
MU. Champaca, L.., is very common in cultivated ground, but I have never seen it undoubtedly wild in the forests.
IV. SCHIZANDRACE.
1. KADSURA, Juss. 1. K. Wightiana, Arn. (Hf. et T., l.c. p. 84, cum syn.)—c.P. 1028.
6 ENUMERATION OF [ Anonacee.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 1500 to 4000 feet.
Ramulis foliisque junioribus rufescentibus ; pedunculis sepe petiolos multo su- perantibus ; floriéus pallide viridi-ochraceis; ovariis 3-5, sepissime 4-ovulatis ; toro conico.
V. ANONACEZ. 1. SAGERAA, Dalzell.
1. Thwaitesii, H.f. et T., l.c. p. 93.—c.P. 2702.
Has. Ambagamowa and Saffragam Districts, at an elevation of about 1000 feet, February, 1853.
Flores pallide crocei. -Anther@ rufescentes. Carpella subsessilia, nucis Avellanze magnitudine vel minora, pluri- vel pauci-sperma, Semina compressa, sulco circum- cincta.
2. UVARIA, Lin.
1. U. semecarpifolia, H.f. et T., 1l.c. p. 97.—c.p. 244.
Has. Central and south-eastern parts of the island, at an elevation of 1000-3000 feet.
Flores fulvo-viridescentes. Sepala interiora convergentia.
2. U. macrophylla, Roxb. (H.f. et T., Fl. Ind.1. c. 97, cum syn.)— c.P. 3527.
Has. South-east of the island, not uncommon.
The fruit is eaten by the Cinghalese, and was described to me as nearly black
when ripe, with the interior red. The unripe fruit in the Ceylon specimen is
sparingly tomentose.
3. U. sphenocarpa, H_f. et T., l.c. p. 99.—c.P. 1045.
Has. Central and eastern parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet.
Flores fulvo-viridescentes. Ovaria elongata, prismatica, dimidio inferiore circiter 10 ovula biserialia includentia. Stigmata subplana, lateribus involutis.
4. U. macropoda, Hf. et T., l.c. p. 101.—c.p. 2544.
Has. Similar localities with the foregoing.
Flores rubiginosi. Carpella matura sanguineo-coccinea. Semina compressa, levia, albida, oblonga, 5 lin. longa.
5. U. Narum, Wall. (Hf. et T., l.c. p. 102, cum syn.)—c.P. 1032.
Has. Common in the Central Province, up to an elevation of 4000 feet.
Flores rabiginosi, plus minus viridescentes, vel seepe virides. Carpella ovalia, levia, nitida, coccinea. : oe U. Zeylanica, Lin. (Hf. et T., l.c. p. 102, cum syn.)—c.P. 1030,
Has. Southern parts of the island, at no great elevation.
3. GONIOTHALAMUS, Blume. Sect. 1—Sepalis persistentibus ; stylis subulatis, indivisis.
1. G. Hookeri, Thw. {c.p. 3399); jfoliis magnis, ovato-oblongis, breviter et obtuse acuminatis, basi parce angustatis, levibus ; pedun- eulis petiolos equantibus, solitariis axillaribus et fasciculatis, caulinis.
Has. Hinidoon and Reigam Corles, at an elevation of about 1000 feet, April, 1855.
Anonacee. | CEYLON PLANTS. 7
Arbor mediocris, circiter 30-pedalis. Folia 6-13 poll. longa, 23-44 poll. lata ; petiolo 4-% poll. longo. ores pallide virides, parcissime rufo-hirsuti. rotundato-acuta, } poll. longa. Petala exteriora circiter 2 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata, basi rotundata, supra medium parce contracta; in¢eriora in mitram pyramidalem, intus tomentosam, circiter 2 poll. altam coalita. Carpella numerosa, fabee minoris magnitudine, brevissime pedicellata. Semina nitida; testa brunnea.
2. G. Thwaitesii, H.f. et T., 1. c. p. 106.—c.P. 1040. Has. Not uncommon in the Central Province, at an elevation of 2000 to 4000 feet. Nom. vulg. ‘ Caloocaara.”
Arbor mediocris. Fores virides.
3. G. Gardneri, Hf. et T., 1. c. p. 107.—c.p. 1029.
Has. In similar localities with the preceding, not uncommon.
Frutex erectus, 8-10-pedalis. Flores virides, flavescentes. Carpella brevi-pedi- cellata, seepissime 2-sperma, subpollicaria, oblonga.
Sect. 2.—Sepalis persistentibus ; stylo in segmentis 2 longis Jjiliformibus diviso.
4. G. Thomsoni, Thw. (c.p. 3398) ; foliis obovatis, longe et abrupte acuminatis, supra medium ad petiolwm brevem graduatim angustatis ; pedunculis caulinis, solitariis vel binis. he Forests in the district between Galle and Ratnapoora, April,
Fruter erectus, 14-3-pedalis. Folia flavescentia, 5-12 poll. longa, 14-3 poll. lata; acumine 3-12 poll. ; petiolo circiter 3 poll. longo. Pedunculi ® poll. longi, adscendentes, prope apicem decurvati. Fores ochracei. Sepala lanceolata, 2 poll. longa. Petala exteriora lanceolata, apicem versus valde angustata, basi rotundata, 1} poll. longa ; interiora in mitram ovalem acutam 6 lin. altam coalita. Ovaria elongata, stylis xquilonga. Carpel/a monosperma, ovalia, apiculata, 4 poll. longa; pedicello 2. lin. longo.
A very distinct species, remarkable for the small size of the plant, its cauline flowers often close to the ground, and its deeply bisected styles.
Sect. 3.—Sepalis deciduis. Stylo cylindrico vel clavato; stigmate dilatato, bilobo.
5. G. salicinus, H.f. et T., l.c. p. 106.—o.P. 373.
_ Has. Forests in the neighbourhood of “ Adam’s Peak,” at an eleva- tion of 2000 to 3000 feet. .
Frutex erectus, 10-12-pedalis. Flores ochraceo-rufescentes vel fuscescentes.
6. G. reticulatus, Thw. (c.p. 3397); foliis lanceolatis vel lineari- lanceolatis, plus minus abrupte acuminatis, basi subrotundatis, subtus en tes reticulatis.
4B. Carawitta Kanda and other forests between Galle and Ratnapoora. ;
Frutex erectus, 6-8-pedalis. Ramuli nigricantes, juniores strigosi. Folia mem- branacea, densissime glanduloso-punctata, subtus sparse rufro-nigro-pilosa, 6-11 poll. longa, 1-22 poll. lata. Petioli nigricantes, subtumidi, 2-3 lin. longi, superne sulcati, alati (lamina decurrente), subtus cum costa minute tuberculati. Pedunculi uniflori, paullo supra-axillares, decurvati, } poll. longi, basi bracteati. Sty/i clavati, ovariis oblongis dense rufo-strigosis dimidio longiores. Carpella globose 1-sperma, oblonge 2-sperma, rubiginosa ; pedicello 4 lin. longo.
Closely allied to G. salicinus, but differing in its very much larger and differently- shaped leaves. I have not seen the sepals and petals of G. reticu/atus, as they had fallen when the specimens were gathered.
8 ENUMERATION OF [ Anonacee.
7. G. Walkeri, H.f. et T., 1. c. p. 109. I have never been so fortunate as to meet with this species, so can add nothing to the description given of it by the authors of the ‘ Flora Indica.’ Nor can I tell,
without an examination of specimens, to which section of this genus it is to be referred.*
4. OROPHEA, Blume.
1. O. Zeylanica, H.f. et T., l.c. p. 111.—c.p. 2406. Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 2000 to 3000 feet.
Flores virides, fuscescentes.
2. O. coriacea, Thw. (c.P. 2612); foliis valde coriaceis, ovato-lan- ceolatis, subacutis, basi rotundatis, brevi-petiolatis ; pedunculis unifloris ; staminibus 9 (6 exterioribus 3 interioribus), ovariwm solitarium ob- lo 2-ovulatum cingentibus.
AB. Dimboola and peng in the Central Provinee, at an elevation of about 3000 feet, April, 1852.
Arbor mediocris. Ramuli rigidi, nigricantes. Folia intense viridia, 2-5 poll. longa, 1-23 poll. lata, costa prominenti, nervis inconspicuis. Petzoli vix 2 lin. longi. Pedunculi circiter + poll. longi, basin versus 3-4 bracteis parvis strigosis muniti. Flores parvi, 4 lin. in exp. Sepala minuta, deltoidea, ciliata. Petala exteriora rotundata, obscure acuminata, externe purpurea, interne ochraceo- rufescentia; in¢eriora purpurea, in mitram obtusam 12 lin. altam coalita. Ovula superposita. Carpelia subsessilia, subglobosa, obliqua, 1—2-sperma.
_ 8. 0.? obliqua, H.f. et T., lc. p. 112.—c.P. 2703; floribus termi- nalibus caulinisque fasciculatis ; staminibus 6, seriebus duabus, ovaria 3, 2-ovulata, stigmate depresso coronata, cingentibus; foro plano; car- pellis sessilibus, globosis, 1-2-spermis.
Has. In the Galle and Ratnapoora Districts, at no great elevation.
Arbor mediocris. Flores purpurei, parvi. Sepal/a minuta, ciliata. Petala 6, subsequalia, carnosa, exteriora aperta, tnteriora convergentia, imbricata v. subvalvata. - Carpella semipollicaria, rufescentia.
This somewhat departs from the character of Orophea in the sepals and petals being frequently (not always) imbricated, as in Sagerea, but it is too closely allied to the previous species to be separated generically from it. It would seem to point out, however, that Sagerea and Orophea should be arranged in juxtaposition.
5. MITREPHORA, Blume. 1. M. Heyneana, (Orophea Heyneana, Hf. et T.,1.c. p. 110, cum
a) oe 1033.
. Haragam and other places on the Lower Badulla Road from
Kandy, up to an elevation of 1500 feet. Arbor mediocris. Pedunculi 1-8-flori. Petala lutea, intertora rubro-maculata. The authors of the ‘Flora Indica’ must have had imperfect specimens of the
flower of this plant for examination, for in all that I have dissected 1 have found
the stamens far more numerous than they have described. Is the Courtalam plant
distinct from the Ceylon one ?+
* The sepals appear to be persistent, but the specimens being in fruit only, I cannot determine whether it should be referred to section 1 or 2.—J. D. H. 3 + We have no flowering specimens of the Ceylon plant.—/J. D. H.
Anonace@. | CHYLON PLANTS. 9
6. XYLOPIA, Lin.
1. &. parvifolia, H.f. et T., l.c. p. 125.—c.v. 3335.
Has. Southern parts of the island, at no great elevation. Nom. vulg. “ Nattou.”
Arbor. Flores ochracei. Carpella columbe ovi magnitudine vel minora, ob- longa. Semina biserialia, oblonga, in pulpa carnosa rufa nidulantia.
The flowers and bark of this tree are used by the Cinghalese for chewing with their betel. z :
2. &. nigricans, H.f. et T., lc. p. 125.—c.p. 615.
Has. This grows in the Botanic Gasden. and I have not met with it elsewhere, though it probably occurs in the southern parts of the island where the other two species are found.
Arbor mediocris. Flores ochracei. Carpella ut in precedente. Semina fusco- nigra, leevia, hilum versus attenuata, 4 lin. longa, biserialia.
3. X. Championii, Hf. et T., lc. p. 126.—c.P. 1038.
Has. Ambagamowa and Ratnapoora Districts, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Datkateya.”
Flores ochracei, plus minus rubro tincti. Carpella pedicellata, longitudinaliter 5-costata. Semina uniserialia, in pulpa nidulantia.
7, CYATHOCALYX, Champion.
1. ©. Zeylanicus, Champ. (H.f. et T., l.c. p. 127.)—o.P. 1044.
Has. Central and Southern Provinces, at an elevation of 1500 to 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Kakala.”
Ovarium solitarium, uni ecalycis dentium oppositum, Capella subglobosa, plurisperma, 23 poll. longa, drupacea. Semina compressa, 1 poll. longa, lateribus transverse rugosa; festa ossea, rufo-fusca.
8. ARTABOTRYS, R. Br.
1. A. odoratissimus, R. Br. (H.f. et T., lc. p. 128, cum syn.)— c.P. 1042.
Has. Northern parts of the island, Gardner.
2. A. Zeylanicus, H.f. et T., l.c. p. 128.—c.P. 1043. :
Has. Central and southern inaxta of the island, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet.
9. UNONA, Lin.
1. U. Zeylanica, H.f. et T., p. 182.—c.P. 1087.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 1500 to 3000 feet. _ Frutex erectus, 3-6-pedalis, Pedunculi sepe caulini. Flores viridi-ochracel, intus basi rufescentes. Carpella rufescentia. Semina ovalia, levia, 4 lin. longa.
2. U. discolor, Vahl, (H.f. et T., l.c. p. 132, cum syn.)
I have never met with this species wild in the island, nor are there any specimens of it in this Herbarium but from cultivated plants.
10, POLYALTHIA, Blume. _ 1. P. Moonii, Thw. (c.r. 437) ; foliis lanceolatis, basin versus rotun- c
10 ENUMERATION OF [ Anonacee.
datam obliquam angustatis, brevi-petiolatis; pedwnculis longis, unifloris, caulinis et oppositifoliis ; petalis carnosis, conchoideis ; carpellis pedi- cellatis, 1-2-spermis ; seminibus oblongis, levibus, sulco circumcinctis.
Has. Caltura, Moon. Reigam Corle, September, 1856.
Frutex 8-10-pedalis, partibus novellis fulvo-strigosis. Ramuli rigidi, cortice fusco, rugoso, albo-maculato. Folia 3-6 poll. longa, 3—2 poll. lata. Petioli circiter 1 lin. longi, transverse rugulosi. Pedunculi 1-13 poll. longi, basi bracteis 3 parvis lanceolatis muniti, fulyo-strigosi. ores rubri, 4 lin. lati, externe sparse pilosi. Sepala lata, acuminata, 1 lin. longa. Petala exteriora rotunda, acuminata, interioribus obtusis minora. Stamina numerosa, cuneata, arcte compacta. Ovaria numerosa, oblonga, pilosa, sty/o hirsuto clavato dimidio longiora. Carpella rufes- centia, globose 1-sperma vel oblonge 2-sperma, 2-4 lin. longa, pedicedlo circiter 2 lin. longo suffulta.
This is probably the species referred to at the bottom of page 137 of the ‘Flora Indica.’
1l. GUATTERIA, Ruiz et Pavon.
1. G. longifolia, Wall. (H.f. et T., l.c. p. 189, cum syn.)—c.P. 1041.
Has. Northern parts of the island, at no great elevation.
2. G. suberosa, Dun. (H.f. et T., lc. p. 140, cum syn.)—c.P. 1035.
Has. Near Caltura and Colombo.
3. G. Corinti, Dun. (Hf. et T., 1.c. p. 141, cum syn.)—c.p. 1034.
Has. Very common in the warmer parts of the island, ascending to an elevation of 1500 feet.
4. G. coffeoides, H.f. et T., 1c. p. 141.—o.P. 2503.
Haz. Haragam and other places on the Lower Badulla Road from Kandy, up to an elevation of 1500 feet.
Flores flavo-virides. Carpella nigro-purpurea. Semina oblonga, 7 lin. longa, 5 lin. lata, levia, fusca, suleco undulato circumcincta.
5. G. persiceefolia, H-f. et T., l.c. p. 140.
This species, found by Captain Champion near Galle, I have never been so fortu- nate as to meet with. It would appear, from the description in ‘ Flora Indica,’ to bear considerable resemblance to Polyalthia Moonii.
12. ANAXAGOREA, St. Hilaire. 1, A. Zeylanica, Hf. et T., lc. p. 144.
T have not yet met with this species, nor are there any specimens of it in this Herbarium ; so I can add nothing to the description given of it in ‘ Flora Indica.’
13. MILIUSA, Lesch. ;
1. MM. , Gardn. MSS. (Ff. et T., lc. p. 148.)
Vars. a and 8 (c.P. 194) ; ramulis foliisque junioribus parce strigosis.
Var. y. tomentosa (c.P, 1036); ramulis foliisque subtus plus minus tomentosis.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 1500 to 3000 feet.
The extreme forms of the above varieties look very distinct, but they pass into each other by such insensible gradations, that it is quite impossible to separate them by well-defined characters. The small exterior petals vary from being subequal to nearly three times the length of the sepals; the carpels, too, are either subsessile or
on pedicels nearly two lines in length. The leaves are occasionally subrotund and cordate at the base.
Monimiacee. | CEYLON PLANTS. 11
2. M. Zeylanica, Gardner, MSS. (Hf. et T.,1.c. p. 149.)—c.v. 2678.
Has. South of the island, at no great elevation.
Carpelia subsessilia, glabra, minute granulata.
Closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished by its larger and more acute leaves, shorter peduncles, and narrower petals.
14. ALPHONSEA, Hf. et T.
1, A. Zeylanica, Hf. et T., lc. p. 153.—~c.p. 1039. Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet. Flores viridi-ochracei. Carpella breviter fulvo-tomentosa, dura, lignosa.
2. A. sclerocarpa, Thw. (c.p. 2727) ; foliis lanceolatis, obtusis, basi angustatis, coriaceis, reticulatis, glaberrimis, superne nitidis, subtus opacis, pallidioribus ; fasciculis multifloris; carpellis subosseis, grosse verrucosis, brevi-pedicellatis.
Has. Haragam, etc., on the Lower Badulla Road from Kandy, up to an elevation of 1500 feet.
Arbor, Ramuli cinerei, rugosi; gemme fulvo-pilose. Folia 2~8} poll. longa, ¢-1 poll. lata, petiolo 2-lin. longo. Pedunculi vix 4 lin. longi, extra-alares. Pedicelli ¥ poll. longi, medio 1-bracteati, fusco-pilosi. Sepala minuta. Petala + poll. longa, pallide ochracea, externe pilosa. Stamina 15, 2-3-serialia. Ovaria 3-5, stylo depresso. Ovula circiter 8. Carpella 3-5, stellatim disposita, 1-2 poll. longa, subglobosa, breviter fulvo-tomentosa, pedicello robusto, 3 poll. longo. Semina biserialia.
VI. MYRISTICACE.
1. MYRISTICA, Lin.
1. M.Irya, Gertn. (H.f. et T., Fl. Ind. p. 159, cum syn.; Alph. DC. Prod. xiv., p. 202.)—c.p. 2620.
Has. Not uncommon in damp places, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Eereya-gass.”
2. M. Zeylanica, Alph. DC. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. iv., p. 29; Prod. xiv., p. 190.—c.P. 2923. ee Banks of rivers, at no great elevation. Nom. vulg. ‘“ Mala-
e.” 3. M. laurifolia, H.f. et T., |. c. p. 163; ro as DC. Prod. xiv., p. 191.
_ —M. diospyrifolia, Alph. DC., 1. c.—c.P. 416.
Has. Central Province, in the forests, at an elevation of 1500 to 4000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Malabodde.”
4, M. Horsfieldii, Bl. (H-f. et T., 1. c. p. 163, cumsyn.; Alph. DC. Prod. xiv., p. 200.)—c.P. 221. pat
Haz. Abundant in the Ambagamowa and Ratnapoora districts, up to an elevation of 1000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Rook-gass.”
The very fragrant male flowers are used by the natives as a perfume for scenting their clothes,
VII. MONIMIACE.
1. HORTONIA, Wight. 1. Hi. floribunda, Wight, (If. et T., 1. c. p. 166.)
12 ENUMERATION OF [ Menispermacee.
Var. a. acuminata, H.f. et T., lc. (Hort. floribunda and H. acu- minata, Wight, Ic.) —c.p. 1027.
Var. 8. ovalifolia (Hort. ovalifolia, Wight, Ic.)—o.P. 159, 161, 175.
Var. y. angustifolia; foliis inert igtieniatie ; floribus multo minoribus quam in varr. a et 8.—c.P. 1026. ;
Has. Vars. a and 8. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000-7000 feet. Var. y. In the neighbourhood of Galle, at no great elevation. Nom. vulg. “ Waaweya.”
’ Flores pallide viridi-flavi. Drupe carnose, pulpose, rubro-nigricantes.
Between varieties a and B of this species there are intermediate forms, by which they pass insensibly into one another, and they both occur at considerable ele- vations on the hills of the Central Province. Variety y, however, may be consi- dered a permanent or sub-permanent one, as it is a much more delicate plant, with far smaller flowers, and occurs at no great elevation above the level of the sea. I shall have occasion to notice, in this “Enumeration,” similar varieties of several other species.
‘
VIII. MENISPERMACE®.
1. COSCINIUM, Colebr.
A a CG. fenestratum, Colebr. (H.f. et T., 1. ¢. p. 178, cum syn.)—C.P.
Has. Central and Southern Provinces, up to an elevation of 1500 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Weniwel.”
nae infusion of the wood of this plant is employed by the Cinghalese as a bitter nic,
2. TINOSPORA, Miers.
1. T. tomentosa, Miers, (H.f. et T., l.c. p. 183, cum syn.)—c.P. 2804, Has. On the Lower Badulla Road from Kandy, at no great eleva- tion. Nom. vulg. “ Bookinda.”
2. T. cordifolia, Miers, (H.f. et T., 1. c. p.184, cum syn.)—c.P. 1053. Has. Warm, drier parts of the island, at no great elevation. Nom. vulg. ‘‘ Rassakinda.”
An infusion of the young stems of this plant is used as a remedy in fevers. 3. ANAMIRTA, Colebr. 1. A. Cocculus, W. et A. (Hf. et T., 1. c. p- 185, cum syn.)—c.P.
Has. Warmer parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet. Nom. vulg. “Tetti-wel.” ;
. 4. TILIACORA, Colebr. 1. T. acuminata, Miers, (H.f. et T., 1. c. p- 187, cum syn.)—c.pP. 1056.
Has. North-eastern parts of the island, at no great elevation. er. ‘
5. LIMACTA, Lour. 1, L. cuspidata, Hf. et T., 1. ¢. p. 189.—c.p. 1051.
Berberidee.] CEYLON PLANTS. - 13
Has. Common up to an elevation of 4000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Nirriwel.”
_ 6. COCCULUS, DC.
1. G. macrocarpus, W. et A. (H.f. et T., lic. p- 191, cum syn.)— c.P. 1052. Has. Central Province, not uncommon.
7. STEPHANIA, Lour.
‘ - a Walpers, (H.f. et T., lc. p. 196, cum syn.)— C.P. 2757. Has. Common in the Central Province.
8. CISSAMPELOS, Lin.
1. C. Pareira, Lin. (H.f. et T., l. c. p. 198, cum syn.)—c.P. 169.
Has. Very common throughout the ‘lead. Nom. vulg. “ Deyamitta.”
2. C. subpeltata, Thw. (c.P. 168); foliis cordatis vel rotundato-acutis obtusatisve, subpeltatis, apiculatis, superne parce pilosis, subtus cinereis, subtomentosis ; ram. bracteis parvis, oblongis oblatisve, utrinque hir- sutissimis, apiculo subeequilongo ; drupis oblongis. :
Has. Dubaghmows and Ratnapoora Districts, at no great elevation.
Ramuli striati, parce pubescentes. Folia 2-8 poll. longa et equilata. Petioli 13-23 poll. longi, striati, pubescentes, prope marginem folii affixi. Panicule plus minus elongate, subtomentose. Drupa 2 lin. longe, 12 lin. late.
This seems to be a very distinct species, the female inflorescence wanting the large foliaceous bracts so characteristic of C. Pareira. The drupes of C. subpeltata are also much larger than those of its congener.
9. CYCLEA, Arn.
1. ©. Burmanni, Miers, (H.f. et T., lc. p. 201, cum syn.)—c.P. 1049. Has. Very abundant throughout the island. Nom. vulg. “Caahe- pittang.” : 2. G. peltata, H.f. et T., p. 201, cum syn. I know nothing of this plant, never having collected any specimens of the genus but what seemed to be all referable to one species.
10. PACH YGONE, Miers. ei P. ovata, Miers, (H.f. et T., 1. c. p. 203, cum syn.)—c.P. 1050, Has. Dry, hotter parts of the island, not uncommon.
IX. BERBERIDE. : 1. BERBERIS, Lin.
1. B. aristata DC. (Hf. et T., 1. c. p. 222, cum syn.)—c.p. 2405. Has. N ewera Ellia, sed other elevated parts of the island, abundant.
14 ENUMERATION OF | Capparidacee.
xX. NYMPHAACEA.
1. NYMPHASA, Lin.
1. N. Lotus, Lin. (H.f. et T., 1. c. p. 241, cum syn.) Var. a. Lotus (c.P. 1020).
Var. 8. pubescens (c.P. 1019).
Has. Not uncommon in the lower parts of the island.
2. N. stellata, Willd. (H.f. et T., 1. c. p. 243, cum syn.)—c.p. 1021. Has. Common in the warmer parts of the island. I have never seen any but the pale, whitish variety in Ceylon.
XI. NELUMBIACEZ.
1. NELUMBIUM, Juss.
1. N. speciosum, Willd. (H.f. et T., l.c. p. 248, cum syn.)—c.p. 1022. Has. Colombo, and elsewhere in the island.
XII. CRUCIFERA.
1. CARDAMINE, Lin.
1. C. hirsuta, Lin.—c.P. 2962.
Var. major ; sepissime trifoliolata.—c.p. 1017.
Has. Not uncommon in the more elevated parts of the island, above 4000 feet. The trifoliolate variety occurs in shady woods.
XIII. CAPPARIDACE.
1. GYNANDROPSIS, DC.
1. G. pentaphylla, DC. Prod. i. 238, cum syn.—c.p. 2640. Has. Common in cultivated ground. Nom. vulg. “ Waila.”
2. CLEOME, DC.
1. ©. monophylla, Lin. (DC. Prod. i. 239.)—c.pr. 2792. ‘oe Cultivated ground, common. The flowers are of a dull-purple colour.
2. ©. aspera, Koenig, (DC. Prod. i. 241.)—c.r. 1068. Has. Dry sandy ground, common.
3. POLANISIA, Rafin.
1. P. viscosa, 8. icosandra, DC. Prod. i. 242.—c.p. 1073. Has. Very common in cultivated ground.
4. CRATAIVA, Lin. 1. C. Roxburghii, R. Br. (W. et A., Prod. i. 23.)—c.r. 1067.
Capparidacee. | CEYLON PLANTS. 15
Has. North-eastern parts of the island, at no great elevation. Nom. vulg. “ Loonoowarana.”’
5. CADABA, Forsk.
1. C. trifoliata, W. et A. Prod. i. 24.—0c.pP. 1066. Has. Northern part of the island, Gardner.
2. ©. Indica, Lam. (W. et A. Prod. i. 24.)—c.p. 1070. Has. Northern part of the island, Gardner.
6. MAERUA, Forsk.
1, M. oblongifolia, A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss. i. 32, t. 5.—Niebuhria oblongifolia, DC. Prod. i. 244; Hook. Ie. ii. t. 128.—c.p. 1064. Haz. Trincomalee, Gardner.
7. CAPPARIS, Lin.
Sect. 1.
1. ©. brevispina, DC. Prod. i. 246, (W. et A. Prod. i. 24, cum syn.) Var. a. brevispina (C. brevispina, DC.)—c.p. 1062 and 2509. Var. 8. Rheedii (C. Rheedii, DC.)—c.v. 1060. Var. y. rotundifolia (C. rotundifolia, Rotth. ; Willd.)—c.r. 1059. Has. Very abundant in the hot, dry northern parts of the island. May not one of the forms of this species be the C. Zeylanica of Linneus ?
2. me stylosa, DC. Prod. i. 246, (W. et A. Prod. i. 25, cum syn.)— c.P. 1072. Has. North of the island, Gardner.
Sect. 2.
3. C. horrida, Lin. (W. et A. Prod. i. 26, cum syn.)—c.P. 1058. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet.
4, ©. tetrasperma, Thw. (c.r. 614) ; stipulis spinosis, brevibus,
uncinatis ; foliis ovatis, acuminatis, glabris ; Junioribus parce pubes- centibus ; sepalis glabris, margine lanatis ; petalis interne glabris, ex- terne lanuginosis.
Piero Lower Badulla Road from Kandy, up to an elevation of 1500
Frutex scandens. Ramuli teretes, minute striati, glabri. Folia 13-23 poll. longa, =-1{ poll. lata, petiolo 2 poll. longo. Pedicelli supra-axillares, seepissime 3, ~seriales, 6 lin. longi. Petala oblonga, 2 lin. longa, sepala ovalia acuta parum excedentia. Stamina circiter 20, Ovarium oblongum, attenuatum ; gynophoro Pedicellum subsequante ; placentis 2, 2-8-ovulatis. Ovuda brevi-stipitata, Nuculania - Slobosa, 4 lin. in diam., seepissime 4-sperma. This is probably the C. Zeylanica of De Candolle, but can scarcely be the plant so __ Galled by Linneeus, the leaves of which are described as “ subpetiolata;” nor can it Well be the C. acuminata, Willd. (C. Zeylanica, W. et A.), which is stated to have _ the leaves tomentose beneath, and the spiny stipules straight.
Sect. 3.
1); ©: Roxburghii, DC. Prod. i. 247; W. et A. Prod. i. 26; R. W. _Te.4, 1048. —o.». 1065, 2480.
16 ENUMERATION OF [ Flacourtiacee.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, at no great elevation.
Petala albida. Ovarium oblongum, attenuatum ; placentis 5, pluriovulatis. Ovula subsessilia. Nuculania globosa. Semina numerosa.
6. ©. Moonii, R. W. Illust. i. p. 35.—c.r. 2415.
Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 feet.
Frutex scandens, maximus, glaberrimus ; s¢ipulis spinosis, uncinatis. Folia 4-6 poll. longa, 14-21 lata, oblonga, acuminata, acumine reflexo, basi rotundata, petiolo circiter 3 poll. longo. Peta/a alba, parce pilosa, sepadis rotundatis circiter 1 poll. longis bis longiora. Stamina numerosa, filamentis albis, 34 poll. longis. Ovarium ampulleforme, gynophoro 4 poll. longo, placentis 4, pluriovulatis. Ovula longe- stipitata. Nuculanza globosa, circiter 4 poll. in diam. Semina numerosa, fabee magne magnitudine. .
7. ©. retusella, Thw. (c.P. 2550); ramis ramulisque ferrugineo- tomentosis, stipulis spinosis uncinatis armatis; foliis parvis, ovatis, versus apicem retusum angustatis; racemis terminalibus, 5-6-floris ; pedicellis horizontalibus ; floribus parvis.
: Has. Lower Badulla Road from Kandy, up to an elevation of 1500 eet. :
Folia 1-2 poll. longa, 8-6 lin. lata, glabra, juniora ferrugineo-pilosa. Petioli 1} lin. longi, tomentosi. Pedicedli glabri, 6 lin. longi, basi dractea minuta lanceolata tomentosa suffulti. Sepala rotundata, albo-marginata, glabra, parce ciliata, 2 lin. longa. Petala alba, glabra, ciliata, oblonga, 3 lin. longa. Stamina circiter 30, gynophorum 4 lin. longum quantia. Ovarium oblongum, apice atte- nuatum ; placentis 2, pluriovulatis. Ovuda brevi-stipitata. Nuculania globosa, 8 lin. in diam,
8. CG. pedunculosa, Wall. No. 6999, (W. et A. Prod. i. 27.)—c.p. 1069. i eae Lower Badulla Road from Kandy, up to an elevation of 1500
eet.
9. C. grandis, Hb. Heyne, (W. et A. Prod. i. 27.)\—c.pr. 1071. Has. North-east of the island, Gardner.
10. ©. sepiaria, Lin. (W. et A. Prod. i. 26, cum syn.)—c.r. 1063. Has. Jaffna, Gardner.
XIV. FLACOURTIACEZA.
BIXEE. 1. BIXA, Lin.
1, B. Orellana, Lin. (W. et A. Prod. i. 31, cum syn.)—c.p. 2821. Has. Kornegalle, Four Korles, ete., but scarcely truly wild.
PROCKEZ. 2. PHOBEROS, Lour. . Sect. 1.—Foliis ad petioli apicem biglandulosis. 1. P. Arnottianus, Thw. (c.p. 3526) ; foliis ovalibus, apicem versus obscure serratis ;_sepalis 8-10, oblongis. Has. I know of this species only from two not very old trees growing
in the Botanic Garden, where there is no record of whence they were procured. Nom. vulg. “ Katookooroondoo.”
Arbor mediocris. Truncus spinis magnis compositis armatus. Ramuli plerumque
ca
Flacourtiacea. | CEYLON PLANTS. 17
inermes. Folia .14-2} poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata, apice obscure et brevissime acuminato, rotundato vel retuso. Petiole } poll: longi. Nuculania pisi magnitu- dine, subglobosi, pulposi, rubro-nigrescentes. _ There can be little doubt, I think, of this being Geertner’s plant, from the number of sepals being frequently 8, as he has figured them. It can scarcely be the P. _ macrophyllus, W. et A. Prod. i. 30, as the leaves are scarcely acuminated, and the - fruit is pulpy, not dry.
Sect. 2.—Foliis basi eglandulosis.
2. P. Gertneri, Thw.; ¢runco armato; foliis utrinque venis promi- nentibus reticulatis ; sepalis 10, rotundatis, obtidiia = Teac pusilla, Gertn. i. 279. t. 58, 4. iat ‘
_ Var. a. oblongifolius (c.p. 2497); foliis oblongis, basi apiceque ple- rumque rotundatis. : - ’ :
Var. 8. cordifolius (Scolopia pusilla, Moon’s Cat.)—c.P. 1076 ; foliis ovato- vel rotundato-cordatis, ohisiis vel subacuminatis.
Var. y. lanceolatus (c.P. 64, 181, 211) ; foliis lanceolatis, basi apiceque plus minus angustatis. :
Haz. Warmer parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet. Var. 8. Hot paris of the island, and especially near the seacoast. Var. y. Hot, drier parts of the island. Nom. vulg. “ Katoo-koo-~ roondoo.” '
Arbor mediocris, Folia (varr. a. et y.) 1-2 poll. longa, 3-3 poll. lata; (var. B.) valde variantia. Nucu/ania subglobosa, pisi magnitudine, pulposa, rubro-nigrescentia.
It is impossible to retain Geertner’s specific name of pusil/us for this, which forms alarge tree. The leaves of var. 7 are less coriaceous and more minutely reticulated than those of vars. a and 8, and it may possibly be a distinct species.
3. P. acuminatus, Gardner, MSS. (c.p. 1077) ; foliis glabris, ovato- —
lanceolatis, Jonge acuminatis, apicem versus obtusum serratis, basi oe phages ; sepalis 10-12, late lanceolatis. : 4B. Central Province, at an elevation of 1000 to 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. * Katookenda.” . Arbor mediocris, junior spinosa, denique inermis. Folia 2-33 poll. longa, . 1-1} poll. lata, subtus pallidiora, obscure et delicatule venosa. Petioli 2-3 lin. » longi. Nueulania subglobosa, cerasi magnitudine, carnosa, viridia, firma nec pulposa, ‘ A. PB, Hookerianus, Wight, MSS. (c.p. 629) ; foliis ovatis, subacu- minatis, obtusis, basi angustatis, margine parce undulatis; sepalis 12-14, oblongis. Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 7000 feet. ae ' Arbor ingens, junior spinosa, denique inermis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, I, lata, valde otnees pred weil aibiontions reticulata. Petioh vix 2 lin. longi. Nuculania cerasi magnitudine vel majora, carnosa, viridia, firma nec pulposa.
FLACOURTIED.
, 3, FLACOURTIA, Commers. : 1. F. sepiaria, Roxb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 29, cum syn.)—c.P. 1650, Has. Hot, drier meat the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet.
2. F. sapida, Roxb. (W. et A., l. c.)—c.P. 2583. Has. Contéel Paovinbs at an elevation of 1500 to 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. Oogoora ssa.”
v
eee ENUMERATION OF [ Pangiacee.
Arbor mediocris. Truncus spinis magnis compositis armatus.. Ramuli cortice cinerascenti; spinis paucis, simplicibus, axillaribus. Folia 2-3 poll. longa, 14-2 _ poll. lata, superne nitida, reticulatim venosa, subtus pallidiora. Nuculania cerasi — i magnitudine, rubro-nigrescentia. ; ‘ z The fruit of this tree is eaten, when quite ripe, by the natives; but when unripe it is extremely astringent,
4. ROUMEA, Poit.
1, R. hebecarpa, Gardner, in Calcutta Journ. of Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p- 9 (c.P. 1075); arborea, inermis, foliis petiolatis, ovato-oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi subobtusis, integris vel dentato- serratis, supra nitidis pubescentibus, subtus pallidis, tomentosis ; 2w- culaniis globosis, velutinis.— Gardner. \ we
Has. Condasalle, Maturatte, ete. Nom, vulg. “ Katambilla.”
Arbor mediocris, 16=20-pedalis. Ramuli teretes, cinerei, tuberculati, juniores rufescentes, tomentosi. o/za circiter 4 poll. longa, 2 lata, petiolo circiter 4 lin. - longo, costa venis primariisque rufescentibus. Mas. Pedunculi brevissimi, seepe geminati. Pedicells 10-20, umbellati, circiter 4 lin. longi, pubescentes. Calyx profunde 5-7-partitus, /odis lanceolatis, acutis, pubescentibus. Stamina numerosa ; Jilamentis filiformibus, calycis segmenta «quantibus; antheris introrsis, obtusis. Ovarit rudimentum nullum vel parvum, Discus Aypogynus nullus. Fam. Pedicelli 1-3. Calycis lobi ovato-lanceolati, acuti, persistentes, circiter 3} lin. longi. Ovarium dense pubescens, subglobosum, disco annulari crenulato cinctwin, placentis 5-7, 2-ovulatis. Styli divergentes, 14 lin. longi, pilosi. Stigmata radiatim fimbriata. Nuceulania circiter 1 poll. in diam.—A descript, cl. Gardner pracipue excerpt.
The acid fruit of this species is eaten by the Cinghalese.
ERYTHROSPERME #.
5. ERYTHROSPERMUM, Lam.
1. E. phytolaccoides, Gardner, |. c. p. 11 (c.p. 468) ; foliis sparsis, petiolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi acutis, utrinque glaber- rimis, integris vel obscure serratis ; racemis paniculatis, axillaribus __terminalibusque, folia subequantibus ; sepalis 5, ovatis, obtusis, con- cavis ; petalis ovato-oblongis, ciliatis ; antheris sagittatis— Gardner.
Has. Ambagamowa and Ratnapoora Districts, up to an elevation of 1500 feet.
Arbor mediocris, 20~-30-pedalis. Ramuli glabri, teretes. Folia alterna, superne nitida, subtus pallidiora, venis prominentibus reticulata, 34-8 poll. longa, 13-3 poll. lata. Petioli 3-8 lin. longi, superne sulcati, basi apiceque tumiduli. Stipule minute, lanceolate, rufescentes. Racemi multiflori. Pedunculi glabri, obtusanguli, albidi. Pedicelli 2-3 lin. longi, basi 3-bracteolati. ‘Sepala albida, rufo-tincta, - cireiter 2 lin. longa. Petala alba, ovato-oblonga, obtusa, ciliata, sepalis sequilonga. Ovaridm oblongam, glabrum. Capsula globosa, 3-5 lin. in diam., fere ad basin 3-4-valva, oligosperma.—A descript. cl. Gardner precipue excerpt. Ss
. '
XV. PANGIACER.
1. HYDNOCARPUS, Gertner.
_ i. &. inebrians, Vahl, (non W. et A. Prod. i. 30, et R. W. Il. i. 38. t. 16.)—H. venenata, Gertner, Fruct. i. 288. t. 60, 3.—c.P. 1630.
+s wt
Samydacee.] CEYLON PLANTS. ‘. 19
_ Has. Banks of rivers, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg.
*Makooloo.” ; Arbor magua. Folia lanceolata, acuminata, serrata vel subintegra, basi plus minus — angustata, agg 2 Sepala rotundata, petalis rotundatis, ciliatis, 1} lin. longis parce longiora. Sguamule rotundate, acuminate, ferrugineo-strigose. Nuculania circiter 1 poll. in diam., ferruginco-tomentosa, demum nigrescentia. é
The fruit of this plant is used by the Cinghalese for intoxicating fish. The dil extracted from the seeds is employed as a remedy in cutaneous complaints. -
2. H. octandrus, Thw. in Hooker’s Journ. of Bot. vol. vii. (1855) p- 197.—c.P. 2640. ;
Has. Ambagamowa District, at an elevation of about 2500 feet.
3. HZ. alpinus, Wight, Ic. t. 942.—c.p. 2918.
Has. Saffragam and Bintenne Districts, at no great elevation.
2. TRICHADENIA, Thw. l.c.
1, T. Zeylanica, Thw. |. c. 196. t. 5.—c.p. 2505.
Hae. Central Province, at an elevation of about 3000 feet, not un- common. Nom. vulg. “ Tettigass.””
The oil extracted from the seeds is used for diseases of the skin of children.
* :
XVI. SAMYDACEH.
1. CASEARIA, Jacq.
1. ©. tomentosa, Roxb. (DC. Prod. ii. 51.)—c.p. 1248. Has. Jaffna and Sigre, Gardner.
Ramuli pubescentes. Folia oblonga, utrinque angustata, obtusa, crenata, 3-4 “poll. longa, 1-14 lata, superne subglabra, subtus pubescentia. Petioli pubescentes, $ poll. longi. Ovarium 3-placentatum. : ee.
2. G. Beylanica, (C. ovata, Willd.? C. esculenta, Roxb.? Vareca Zeylanica, Gertn. Fruct. i. 290. t. 60, 6.)—0.P. 415, 2603; foliis lan-— . ceolatis, acuminatis, basi acutis, integris vel obscure dentatis, nitidis, reticulatis, jwnioribus parce hirsutis ; staminibus 8 ; ovario hirsuto, 3- placentato ; stigmate in medio depresso. ‘ 3
Has. Hotter parts of the island, very common, up to an elevation of . 1500 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Wal-wareka.” ~
Arbor mediocris. . Folia 3-6 poll. longa, 1-2 poll. lata. Petioli 4-4 poll. longi.
3. C. Championi, Thw. (c.P. 2608); foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceglatis, acuminatis, glabris, nitidis, reticulatis ; staminibus 8; ovario glabro, 3- placentato; stigmate plano, obscure 3-lobato. ;
Has. Cen Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet.
Arbor mediocris, Ramuli, cum foliis junioribus, rufescentes, glabri. Folia 3-6 poll. longa, 14-2$ lata. Petioli 4-$ poll. longi. — 4. CG. varians, Thw.; foliis glabris, subopacis, integris vel rarius parce crenatis, obscure reticulatis, basi acutis ; staminibus sepissime 7; ovario glabro, 2-placentato; stigmate obscure 2-lobo.
_ Var. a. ovata fee 9604 and 2657); foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceola-
Var. 8. minor (c.p. 3365) ; foliis ut in var. a, sed multo minoribus.
20 —- ENUMERATION OF | Violacee.
Var. y. obovata (0.P. 1217, 1247) ; foliis obovatis, apice obtuse sub- acuminato, rotundato vel-retuso.
Has. Vars. a and 8 in the Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet. Var. y at Newera Ellia, at an elevation of 7000 to 8000 feet.
Variety a of this species bears considerable resemblance to C. Ohampioni, as re- gards the shape and size of the leaves, but in other respects is sufficiently distinct.
5. ©. coriacea, Thw. (c.p. 465); folits obovatis, brevissime acumi- natis, obtusis, basi angustatis, coriaceis, creberrime reticulatis, glabris, -superne (siccis) nigricantibus, subtus cinereis ; staminibus 6-8, squamis truneatis pilosis multo longioribus ; ovario glabro, 2-placentato. Has. Adam’s Peak, at an elevation of 6000 to 7000 feet. Arbor mediocris. Folia 2-3 poll. longa, 14-14 lata. Petioli 2-3 lin. longi. This species a good deal resembles the variety y of C. varians, but the leaves are far more coriaceous, and more densely reticulated.
2. OSMELIA, Thw.
Cuar. Gun.—Calyx 5-partitus. Stamina 10 (5 cum totidem squa- mulis profunde bilobis, dense pilosis alternantia, 5 in earundem squa- mularum sinubus singulatim inserta), omnia fertilia, subeequalia. Styli 3, incurvati. Capsula subcoriacea, 3-valvis. Semina pauca. ’
_1. O. Gardneri, Thw. (Casearia paniculata, Gardner, MSS.)—c.. 1246. :
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of about 3000 feet. Not common. é
Arbor mediocris, cortice levi. Ramuli teretes, juniores pilosi. -Foléa integra, ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, glabra, pennivenia, 24-4 poll. longa, I-14 poll. lata. Petiolt superne sulcati, 2-3 lin. longi. Stipu/e minute, decidue. Racemi termi- nales, elongati, interrupti, multiflori, pubescentes, paniculati. Flores brevissime pe-— dicellati, albidi, plus minus rufo-tincti, singuli involucello minuto cupuliformi basi unibracteato suffulti. Cadycts lobé rotundati, externe parce pilosi. Stamina exserta. Ovarium oblongum, dense pilosum, 3-placentatum ; placentis 2-3-ovulatis. Capsula subglobosa, 1-4-sperma. Semina subglobosa, ari//o carnoso, rubro; festa membra-_ nacea, a
XVII. VIOLACER.
1. VIOLA, Lin. -
1. V. Patrinii, DC. (W. et A. Prod. i. 32, cum syn.)—c.P. 1087. Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 5000 to 8000 feet. Not
Sao. - 2. 6 Wightiana, Wall. (W. et A. Prod. 1.c,; R. W. Illust. 943.)— c.P. 153.
c hen a. pubescens ; planta tota plus minus pubescens, foliis crenato- . serra S. * ™~ Var. oregon 3 planta tota glabra, foliis obscure crenato-serratis. Has. - a, Central Province, very abundant, at an elevation of 4000 to 8000 feet. Var. 8 in wet, spongy places, at Newera Ellia.
ae 2. IONIDIUM, Ventn.- 1. I. suffruticosum, Ging. in DC. (W. et A. Prod. ].¢.; RB. W. Il. 308.)—c.P. 76. BES a8 :
Droseracea. | CEYLON PLANTS. a
Has. Hot, dry, exposed places, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Common.
2, I. ramosissimum , Thw. (c.p. 1084); fruticosum, suberectum, fo- lis linearibus, apiculatis, levibus, integerrimis, glaucis, marginibus re- volutis.
Has. Banks of the Mahawelliganga at Haragam. _
Closely allied to the preceding species, but besides the characters mentioned above, the stems are much more woody, and the internodes shorter, than in L. suffruticosum. In the inflorescence of the two species I can discover no difference; and the glandu- lar-tipped stipules are alike in both.
3. ALSODEIA, Thouars.
1. A. Zeylanica, Thw. (Pentaloba Zeylanica, Arn. Mag. of Zool. and Bot. ii. 543.)—c.p. 2669. ‘
Has. Ratnapoora District. Not uncommon. ;
Frutex erectus, 10-12-pedalis. Ramuli teretes, cinerei, opaci, juniores pilosi. Folia lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, 24-6 poll. longa, 1-23 poll. lata,
nitida, reticulata, dentata. Petio/i 24-5 lin. longi, superne sulcati. Stipule lanceo- "lates, acute, appressee, 3—4 lin. longee, rufo-fuscee, subpersistentes. Fascicult pluri- bracteolati, bracteolis acutis, rufo-fuscis. Pedicelli circiter 1 lin. longi. Flores al- bidi. “Calycis Jodi \anceolati, acuti, petalis apice recurvatis, plus quam dimidio bre- viores, rufo-tincti. Urceolus rufescens, 5-crenatus; crenaturis filamentis supra basin insertis oppositis. Staminum filamenta cum ligulis alba, antherarum \oculi introrsi, flavi. Stigma trilobum.
¢ 4, Gen. Nov. SCYPHELLANDRA, Thw.
Sepala 5. Petala 5. Glandule 5, minute, carnose, petalis alter- nantes, staminum 5 dorso appressee. -Anthere subsessiles, marginibus cohzrentes, sin oe connectivo lato in ligulam apicalem, liberam, mem- branaceam producto. Ovariwm sessile, 1-loculare ; stylo lineari; stig- mate 3-lobato. Capsula 3-valvis, 3-4-sperma. :
1. S. virgata, Thw.; foliis alternis, ovatis vel oblongis, denticulatis, glabris; basi apiceque obtusis, petiolatis—c.P. 1085.
Has. Not uncommon in the hot, drier parts of the island.
Frutex parvus. Ramuli virgati, cinerei, striati; juniores pilis curvatis pubes- centes. Folia magnitudine efiam in ramo uno valde varia, 13-14 lin. longa, 1-6 lin. lata, Petio/i 4-1 lin. longi, pubescentes. Stipwle minute, lanceolate. Pe- dunculi axillares, solitarii, 1-flori, 1-2 lin. longi, basi pluri-bracteolati. Sepala ovata, acuminata, peta/is lineari-oblongis, 5-nervis, circiter 1 lin. longis plus quam dimidio breviora. Capsula 24 lin. longa.
This interesting little plant has the anthers of Hymenanthera and the carpels and - humerous bracteole of Alsodeia, thus forming a connecting link between the two
genera, : ; . ; ’
* XVIII. DROSERACEZ. E 1, DROSERA, Lin.
1. D. Burmanni, Vahl, (W. et A- Prod. i. 34, cum syn; R. W. Te. So age 1089. | i . Not uncommon throughout the island. 2. D. Indica, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. 1. c. cum. syn.)—c.P. 1088. Has. South of the island. Not common.
.
22 ENUMERATION OF [ Polygalacee.
3. D. lunata, Ham. (DO. Prod. i. 319.)—c.p. 2553, Has. Common in the most elevated districts of the island.
XIX. POLYGALACER.
1. POLYGALA, Lin.
1. P. telephioides, Willd. (W. et A. Prod. i. 36, cum syn.)—c.P, 1080.
Has. Colombo, Haragam, ete.
2, P. rosmarinifolia, W. et A. Prod. i. 37 (non Eck. et Zeyh.).
Var. a. mucronata (c.P. 715 et 1083) ; foliis glabris vel parce pubes- centibus, bracteolis longe mucronatis. :
- Var. 8. puberula (c.P. 1082); foliis pubescentibus, bracteolis raro mucronulatis,
Has. Not very common, but generally distributed, occurring from the level of the sea up to’ an elevation of 4000 feet.
I have hitherto been disposed to consider vars. a and distinct species, but they resemble each other so closely in most respects that it is perhaps hardly safe to sepa- rate them on account of such trivial differences as the greater or less pubescence of the foliage, or the bracteoles being mucronate or otherwise.
3. P. elongata, Klein, in Willd. Sp. iii. 879 ;, DC. Prod. i. 332.—P. densiflora, Blume, Bijd. 59.—(c.P. 7, 260, et 592.)
Var. B. hirsutula.—P. hirsutula, Arn, . 4 (322.)—c.p. 1079, 1081.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 7000 feet.
This is a very variable species, especially in the form and hairiness of the leaves, and length of the racemes. The flowers, which are of a bluish or a purple colour,.- - are very uniform in size and structure throughout the several varieties. The narrow border of the capsule is pubescent with curved hairs, and with these are frequently intermixed straight, longer hairs. Var. 8 occurs on banks at Newera Ellia, and is only a stunted form of the plant.
4. P. Javana, DC. Prod. i. 327 (W. et A. Prod. i. 38.)—c.r. 184.
Var. B. angustifolia : foliis lineari-oblongis.
Has. Var. a, north of the island, Gardner. Var. B, Balangodde, Gardner, and Matturatte.
5. BP. leptalea, DC. Prod. i. 325.— P. oligophylla, DC.,1. e—c.v. 3550. Has. Nilgalla, in the Badalla District ; amongst high grass, rare. 6. P. arillata, Ham. (W. et A. Prod. i. 39; R. W. Icon. 946.)—c.P.
434 et 517. a Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 7000 feet.
. 2. SALOMONIA, Lour. aa 1. 8. oblongifolia, DC. Prod. i, 334 (S. leptostachya, Wall. Cat.)—
E-O.P. 1086.
Has. Swampy ground in the south of the island. = Mr. W. Ferguson, who has beep examining Hermann’s Herbarium in the British
_ Museum, informs me that this plant is there called Polygala ciliata. 2. S. cordata, Arn. Pugillus, 4 (322.)—S. cordata et 8S! obovata, Wight, Illust. 49 et 50. t. 22 B, etc.—o.p. 2906. : 4B. Similar places with the preceding. The spikes of flowers are more compact in this species, and the cilia upon the capsules are much longer, fe te i.
Portulacee. | : : CEYLON PLANTS. 23
3, KANTHOPHYLLUM, Roxb.
1, %. flavescens, Roxb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 39, cum syn.)—o.P. 1244. Has. South of the island, at no great elevation.
XX. TAMARISCINEZ.
1. TRICHAURUS (Arn: M88.), W. et A.
1. T. ericoides, Arn. MSS. (W. et A. Prod. i. 40, cum syn; R. W. Iilust. 24 B.)—c.p. 1254.
Has. N egombo, Puttam, and Moolitivoe, Gardner.
XXI. ELATINE.
1. BERGTIA, Linn.
1. B. verticillata, W. et A. Prod. i. 41, cum syn.—c.p, 3551.
Has. Swampy places in the Batticaloa District.
2. B. ammannoides, Roxb.—Elatine (Bergia) ammannoides, W. et A. Prod. i. 41, cum syn. ; Wight, Illust. p. 54. t. 25 A.—c.pr. 1543. - Has. North of the island, Gardner.
XXII. SESUVIACEZ Ss -
1. TRIANTHEMA, Sauyv.
1, T. crystallina, Vahl, (W. et Prod. i. 355, cum syn.)—c.P. 3552. ‘Has. Batticaloa District. _ ; ; 2. 'T. obcordata, Roxb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 355, cum syn.; R. W. Icon. 't. 288.)—c.P. 1102. ; Has. Very common on the seacoast of the island.
_ 3. 'T. decandra, Lin. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.; Wight, Icon. t. 296.) —c.P. 1104. :
_ Has. East of .the island, Gardner; Colombo, ete. Nom. vulg. “Saarana.” Used as a medicine. :
2. SESUVIUM, Linn.
LS. repens, Rottb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 361, cum syn.)—c.P. 1098. Has. Trincomalee, Gardner.
‘ : ‘
XXIIL PORTULACES.
1. PORTULACA, Tourn. 1. P. oleracea, Lin. (W. et A. Prod. i. 356, cum syn.)—c.P. 1103. Has. Abundant throughout the island. Nom. vulg. “Genda-kola.”
2. P. quadrifida, Lin. (W. et A., l. c. cum syn.)—c.P. 1100. - Has. Very abundant. Nom. vulg. “ Heen-genda-kola.”
24 ay -ENUMERATION OF ; [ Caryophyllacee. :
3. P. suffruticosa, R. W. (W. et A,, l.c.)—c.P- 1101. ‘Has. Damboul, Gardner.
XXIV. CARYOPHYLLACEZ.
1. STELLARIA, Linn.
1. S. drymarioides, Thw.; foliis rotundatis, apiculatis, basi in petio- lum angustatis, nervo intramarginali conspicuo munitis; cymis termi- nalibus, subdichotomis ; floribus post anthesin cernuis.—c.P. 400.
Has. Hapootelle Pass, at an elevation of about 4000 feet. April, 1856.
Cauilis tetragonus, procumbens, elongatus, radicans, ramudis erectis. Folia 4-1} _
poll, longa et equilata, sparse pilosa, petiolo 1-4 lin. longo. Cyme viscoso-tomen-
tose, ramis seepe elongatis. Pedicelli flores subeequantes. Sepala 5, ovata, sub- acuta, petalis albis divaricato-bifidis duplo longiora. Discus annularis parvus, 5- lobus ; /odzs rotundatis, cum petalis alternantibus.
2. S. media, Sm.—c.pr. 3090.
Has. Newera Ellia, probably introduced.
2. CERASTIUM, Linn.
1. ©. Indicum, W. et A. Prod. i. 43.—c.p. 2957. _ Has. Newera Ellia, Horton Plains, and other very elevated parts of the island, — ;
In Ceylon specimens the leaves are lanceolate, and the flowers are of about equal length with their pedicels.
3. MOLLUGO, Linn.
_ 1. M, nudicaulis, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 43, cum syn.)—o.p. 2809. =
Has. Colombo, etc. : ioe:
2. M. pentaphylla, Linn., including M. triphylla, Linn.; W. et A., l. e-—c.P. 1096. :
Has. Common in the warmer parts of the island.
3. M. stricta, Lin. (W. et A. Prod. i. 44, cum syn.)—c.P. 1097.
Has. Not uncommon with the preceding.
4. M. cerviana, Ser. (W. et A., l. c. eum syn.)—c.P. 1092.
Haz. Common in hot, sandy places. Nom. vulg. “ Pat-paadagan.” Used as a medicine in fevers. - ;
5. M. disticha, Ser. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.)—c.P. 1094,
Has. Near the seacoast; not uncommon. ; :
6. Mi. Spergula, Linn. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.)—c.P. 1095.
‘Has. Common in the warmer parts of the island. :
4. GLINUS, Linn.
1. G. dictamnoides, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 362.)—c.p. 2937. Has. Not uncommon in the hot, drier parts of the island. 1 have found ten stamens in all the Ceylon specimens J have examined.
Malvacee. | CEYLON PLANTS. 25
XXV. PARONYCHIACER.
1. POLYCARPAA, Lam.
1. P. corymbosa, Lam. (W. et A. Prod. i. 358, cum syn.; R. W. Teon. t. 712.)—c.P. 2383.
Haz. Not uncommon in the drier parts of the island, up to an eleva- tion of 4000 feet. ;
2. HAPALOSIA, Wall.
1. HL. Loefflingiee, Wall. (W. et A. Prod. i. 358, cum syn.)—c.P. 1090. Has. Warm, drier parts of the island.
.
3. DRYMARIA, Willd.
- 1. D. eordata, Willd. (W. et A. Prod. i, 359, cum syn.)—c.P. 1091. Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 4000 feet. — ;
XXVI. LINE.
1. LINUM, Linn.
1. L. Mysorense, Heyne, (W. et A. Prod. i, 134, cum syn.)—c.P.
3197. : Has. Abundant between Newera Ellia and Badulla, at an elevation
of from 4000 to 6000 feet. Folia trinervia, acuta, Petala pallide flava, rotundata, obtusa. Fi/amenta a supra- medio dilatata, basi coalita; dentibus intermediis nullis. 3
XXVII. HUGONIACES. 1. HUGONIA, Linn.
1. HL. Mystax, Linn. (WV. et A. Prod. i. 72, cum syn.; Wight, Ilust. 79. t. 32.)—o.P. 1185. © ~_ Han. Not uncommon in the warmer parts of the island. Nom. vulg. = Boogatteya.” % : 2. Hi. ferruginea, W. et A., 1. c.—c.p. 1187. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island.
XXVIII. MALVACEA. | 1. URENA, Linn. 1. U. lobata, Linn. (W: et A. Prod. i. 46, cum syn.)—c.P. 3328. Has. Ve een throughout the island. 2 vulg. “ Patta- appele.” Liber used for cordage. 2. U. sinuata, Lina. (W. et A., |. c. cum syn.)—c.P. 1129. Has. Equally common with the preceding. Nom. vulg. “ Heen-
appele.” :
26 _ ENUMERATION OF [Malvacee.
2. PAVONIA, Cav.
1. P. odorata, Willd. (W. et A. Prod. i. 47, cum syn.)—c.P. 1125.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet.
2. P. Beylanica, Cav. (W. et A., 1. c. cum syn.)
I have not met with a plant corresponding quite with the description given of _ this, and suspect it is but a form of the preceding, which I find with the leaves of the involucel varying in number from eleven to fifteen. Its flowers, when fresh, are either white or very pale red, becoming of a dull reddish colour when dry. __ :
*
3. HIBISCUS, Lim.
1. H. Surattensis, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 48, cum syn.)—c.P. 1118. __ Has. Very common in the hotter parts of the island. Nom. vulg. “ Naapiritta.” 2. Hi. furcatus, Roxb. (W. et A., 1. c. cum syn.)—c.p. 727, oa Has. Very common up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. + ~ ** Heen-naapiritta.” : : 3. Hi. Lampas, Cay. (W. et A. Prod. i. 48, cum syn.)—c.P. 3555. Has. Near Nilgalla, in the Badalla District. : : Ei. panduriformis, Burm. (W. et A. Prod. i. 50, cum syn.)—c.p. 3528. Has. Borders of a tank, at Toonkimy, in the Atakalan Corle. Sep- _ tember, 1857. : < . 6, HL. vitifolius, Linn. (W. et A., l.c. euth syn.)—c.p, 1122. Has. Not uncommon, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. 6. HX. eriocarpus, DC. (W. et A., 1. ¢. cum syn.)—c.p. 1119. _ ; Has. In the hot, drier parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 eet. : . j 7. 41. micranthus, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 51, cum syn.)—c.p. 1126. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, very abundant. :
4. PARITIUM, Ad. Juss.
1. P. tiliaceum, Ad. Juss. (W. ct A. Prod. i. 52, cum syn.)—c.P. LI Has. Not uncommon up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. vd Bellipatta.” The liber is used by the Cinghalese for rough ropes.
5. ABELMOSCHUS, Med. Nom. vulg. “ Kapookanissa.”
1, A. angulosus, Wall. (W. et A. Prod. i. 53, cum syn.) ; involucello (calyce, W. et A.) subpersistente ; calyce membranaceo, tenero, spathe- formi, cum corolla deciduo.
Var. a. grandifiorus ; jolis scabris, nec hispidis; corolla majore, flava; seminibus subpyriformibus.—c.p, 256 ;
Var. 8B. purpureus ; petiolis pilis rigidis hispidis; corolla urea, ~ venis pallidioribus ; seminibus g Shahar <9 17. : et Tas. Var. a. Not uncommon in the Central Province, up to an ele- vation of 4000 feet. Var. 8. Newera Ellia. | *
.
Malvaceae.) CEYLON PLANTS. 27
“There appears to have been some misconception with regard to the involucel and calyx of this species. The true calyx is of a very tender membranaceous structure, consisting of five sepals united at their edges into the form of a spathe, which falls at the same time with the corolla.
Vars. a aud B may possibly prove to be specifically distinct. ae
2. A. moschatus, Moench. (W. et A. Prod. i. 53, cum syn.)—C.P.
Has. South of the island ; not uncommon. 3. A. ficulneus, W. et A., l..c.—c.p. 1157. Has. Colombo, Moon. Borders of the Minery Tank.
: 6. THESPESIA, Corr. 1. T. populnea, Corr: (W. et A. Prod. i. 54, cum syn.)—c.P. 1121. Haz. Colombo, Moon. Calpentyne, Gardner ; near Vayenery, 10
the Batticaloa District, apparently wild. Much used for planting as an ornamental and useful tree. Nom. vulg. ‘“Sooreya-gass.””
7. LAGUNEA, Cav.
1. L. lobata, Willd. (W. et A. Prod. i. 55, cum syn.)—c.P. 67. —— Very abundant in the hot, drier parts of the island. Galagama, ardner.
8. ABUTILON, Dill. Nom. vulg. “‘ Anoda.” 1, A. polyandrum, W. et A., l.c..cum syn.—-¢.P. 1186. Has. I have not met with this in a wild state, and there is no record of where the herbarium specimen was found. ; 2. A. Indicum, G. Don, (W.etA., Prod.i. 56, cum syn.)—e. P. 1133. Haz. Not uncommon. : ‘ 3. A. Asiaticum, G. Don, (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.)—c.P. 1135. Has. Not uncommon. aoe : + 4, &. graveolens, W. et A., |. c. cum syn.—C.P. 1134. Has. Common. 5. &. tomentosum, W. et A., l.c. cum syn.—C-P. 3529.
Has. Near Taugalle, Sept. 1857.
9, WISSADULA, Medilo. 1. W. periplocifolia, Presl.—Abutilon periplocifolium, G. Don; W.
et A. Prod. i. 55, cum syn.—C.P. gs Has. Very common in the south of the island.
z 10. SIDA, Linn. : Nom. vulg. “ Babilla.” f
1. S. acuta, Burm. (W. et A. Prod. i. 57, cum syn. ; Wight, leon. t. 95.)—c.p. 2760. . : Has. Hot, drier parts of the island. _
28 ' ENUMERATION OF [Sterculiacee.
2, S. rhombifolia, Linn. (DC. Prod. i. 462.)—c.r. 1181 (1130). Has. Very abundant. i 3 3. S. retusa, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 58, cum syn.)—o.p. 3117. Has. Very common. Nom. vulg. “ Kotekau-babilla.” | This is used as a medicine by the Cinghalese. ’ 4, S. alba, Linn. (W. et A.,-1.c. cum syn.)—o.P. 3553. Has. Vavenery, in the Batticaloa District. 5. S. cordifolia, Linn. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.)—c.P. 259. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island. “en
6. S. Mysorensis, Herb. Madr. (W. et A. Prod. i. 59, cum syn.)— c.P. 1123.
Has. Not uncommon in the warmer parts of the island.
7. S$. humilis, Willd. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.)—c.p. 1124. _ Has. Very abundant.
XXIX. STERCULIACEZ.
1, ADANSONTA, Linn.
1. A. digitata, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 61, cum syn.)—c.P. 1141. Has. Naturalized in the north of the island.
2. SALMALIA, Sch. et End. 1, S. Malabarica, Sch. et End. (Walp. Rep. i. 330, cum syn. ; Wight, Illust. p. 72, t. 29.)—c.p. 545. ‘
Has. Common in the warmer parts of the island. Nom. vulg. “ Katoo-imbool-gass.”
3. ERIODENDRON, DC.
1. E. orientale, Steud. Nom. 587.—Z. anfractuosum, DC.; W.et A., 1. c. eum syn.; Wight, Icon. t. 400.—c.P. 1138.
B. Very common, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Imbool-gass.” ; .
4. CULLENIA, Wight.
1, ©. excelsa, Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. t. 1761-2.—Durio Zey- lanicus, Gardner, in Cale. Journ. of Nat. Hist. vol. viii.—c.p. 734.
Has. Common in the Central Province, at an elevation of from 2000 to 5000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Kattoo-bodde, Kattooherileya.”
| 5. HELICTERES, Linn. _ l. HB. Isora, Linn. et A. Prod. ‘i. 60, .; Wight, Icon. t. 180,)—c.r. 1137. i aes wee te
- Common in the hotter parts of the island. Nom. vulg. | . “ Leeneya-gass. |
6. HERITIERA, Ait. 1. &. littoralis, Ait. (W. et A. Prod. i. 63, cum syn.)—c.P. 1143.
Byttneriacee. | CEYLON PLANTS. — Se 29
Has. South of the island, not uncommon. Nom. vulg. “ Attoona.”’
7. STERCULIA, Lin.
1. S. Balanghas, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 62, cum syn.; Wight, Ilhist. p. 78. t. 30.)—c.p. 1142.
Has. Hotter parts of the island, common. :
2. S. guttata, Roxb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 62, cum syn. ; Wight’s Icon. t. 487.)—c.P. 2723. ay
Has. Ambagamowa District, at no great elevation. ’ 3. S. urens, Roxb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 63, cum syn.)—c.P. 2858.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, not uncommon.
4. %. foetida, Linn. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn. ; Wight, Icon. t.181 and ~ 364.)—c.P. 1140.
as. Very common in the warmer parts of the island. Nom. vulg.
“Telemboo.” The seeds are eaten by the Cinghalese.
8. PTERYGOTA, Endl.
1. P. alata, Br. in Brown et Bennett, Pl. Jay. Rar. 234.—P. Rox- burghii, Sch. et Endl., Walp. Rep. v.103. Sterculia alata, Roxb. Cor. iil. 25 84. t. 287.—c.r. 2963.
Haz. Banks of the Mahawelliganga, at Haragam.
9. FIRMIANA, Marsili.
1. F. colorata, Br. |. c. 235, cum syn.—c.P. 2566. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island.
XXX. BYTTNERIACER. —
1. GUAZUMA, Plum.
1. G. tomentosa, H.B.K. (W. et A. Prod. i. 64; Wight, Illust. 78. t. 31.)—c.p. 1114. ; Has. Jaffna, Gardner.
,
2. Gen. Nov. PITYRANTHE, Thw.
Calyx urceolatus, 3-4-lobatus. Petala 5, x ualia, subeuneiformia. Stamina fertilia 15, ternatim cum alteris 5 sterilibus acutis spathulatis equilongis ‘alternantia ; filamentis liberis vel imo basi coheerentibus ; antheris adnatis, loculis divaricatis, Ovariwm sessile, 5-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis ; ovulis superpositis; st lis 5, arcte coalitis ; stigmatibus minutis, simplicibus. Capsula inflata, turbinata, sepissime 1-sperma, ~ loculicide Tehiectus: ; : : Genus Kleinhovia affine, sed calyce urceolato, petalis eequalibus, fila- mentis subliberis et ovario sessili differt. on 1. P. verrucosa, Thw.—Kleinhovia verrucosa, Gardn. MS.—c.p.Al44. ’ Has. Abundant in the Batticaloa District ; Jaffna and Trincomalee, Gardner ; Putlam, A. O. Brodie, Esq. 4rbor. Folia obovata, crenata, basi rotundata, 3-nervia, 2-6 poll. longa, 1-3
30 . ENUMERATION OF [ Byttneriacee.
poll. lata, superne nitida, subtus pallida, pubescentia stellari tomentosa, petiolo 4-2 poll. longo. Panicule terminales, lepidote. Flores circiter 14 lin. longi. Capsule furfuracese, verrucose. Semina nigra, oblonga, 2 lin. longa, minutissime reticulata, pubescentia stellari pallida decidua vestita. :
3. WALTHERIA, Linn.
1. W. Indica, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 67, cum syn.)—c.P. 1128. Has. Batticaloa, Gardner.
4. MELOCHIA, Linn.
1, M. corchorifolia, Linn.—Riedleia corchorifolia, DO. (W. et A. Prod. i. 66, cum syn.)—c.P. 1127. Has. Very abundant.
5. PTEROSPERMUM, Schreb.
1. P. suberifolium, Lam. (W.et A. Prod. i. 68, cum syn.)—c.P..1136. ‘Has. Common up to an elevation of 2000 feet, especially in the drier parts of the island. Nom. vulg. “ Velenge.” The wood is useful for many purposes where toughness is required. é ;
6. KYDIA, Roxb.
|. K. axillaris, Thw.; foliis integris, ovato-lanceolatis, levibus ; floribus solitariis, axillaribus.—c.P. 3126. . ae Has. Near Badulla, at an elevation of about 2000 feet. Arbor mediocris. Folia 24-44 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata, subtus pallidiora, basi _ rotundata, petiolo 3-4 lin. longo. Involuceiti fructiferi segmenta lineari-oblonga, 1 poll. longa, 8-34 lin. lata. Calyx cupuliformis, 5-dentatus, 4 poll. longus. Ova- rium biloculare.. Fructus hispidus. he This species I have only seen in fruit, and am therefore not quite certain that it is atrue Kydia. The axillary inflorescence and the character of the foliage give it a very different aspect from that of K.calycina. The latter species has not, so far as I am aware, been detected wild in Ceylon, though it most probably occurs so in the north of the island. a
7. Gen. Nov. SULOSTYLIS, Thw.
Involucellum 4-phyllum,. persistens. Calyx 5-partitus, persistens. Corolle petala 5, basi coalita, subtus ad sinus plicato-appendiculata. Tubus stamineus cylindricus, apice dentatus, anantherus, specter versus _ filamentis 10, biserialibus, equilongis, monantheriferis cinctus, basi corolle adnatus. Anthere reniformes. Ovarium biloculdre ; loculis 2-ovulatis ; ovulis collateralibus, adscendentibus. Stylus supra medium bifidus. Stigmata disciformia. :
1. J. angustifolia, Thw.— Kydia angustifolia, Arn. Pug. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4 (322).—c.p. 1146. -
Has. South of the island, not uncommon.
Arbor mediocris, parce ramosa. Folia 5-8 poll. longa, 14-8 poll. lata, pubescentia stellari-hirsuta, subtus pallidiora, petiolo 3-5 lin. longo. Panicula terminales, ~ pendule. ‘Flores % poll. lati. Corol/a eupuliformis, pallida, interne dimidio inferiore. rufa. Sty/us versus apicem dense lanuginosus. g
iat. *
Tiliacee. | ' CEYLON PLANTS. ieee «
- The anthers of this species are quite those of a Malvaceous plant, but from its near affinity with Kydza it must remain in the same Natural Order in which that is located. HS
XXXI. TILIACER. SECT. TILIEZ. 1. CORCHORUS, Linn. :
1. C. urticeefolius, W. et A. Prod. i. 73, eum syn.—c.P. 2758. Has. Trincomalee, Moon.
2. C. olitorius, Linn. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.)—c.P. 1107. Has. Hotter parts of the island, common. : ‘
3. C. acutangulus, Lam. (W. et A., lc. cum syn.; Wight, Icon. t. 739.)—c.P. 1106. . : Has. Same situations as the last, common. _ 4, G. capsularis, Linn. (W. et A.,1.¢. cumsyn. ; Wight, Icon. t. 311.) —c.p. 1105. ; . Has. Very common.
2. TRIUMFETTA, Plum. ~ Nom. vulg. “ Appela.”’.
1, T. pilosa, Roth. (W. et A. Prod. i. 74, cum syn.) ; Var. a capsularum echinis firmis, 2 lin. longis, prope basin parce pilosis, apiculo vix curvato.—c.p. 2902. :
_Var. 8; capsularum echinis debilibus, 43 lin. longis, dense longe pilosis, apiculo hamato.—c.P. 730... “
Has. Var. a. Common in cultivated ground. Var. 8. Maturatte.
2. T. angulata, Lam. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.; Wight, Icon. t. 320.)
_—C.P. 2759. Has. Common everywhere.
‘
3. GREWIA, Juss. Nom. vulg. “ Caaleya.”
1. G. orientalis, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 76, cum syn.)—c.P. 1110, 1112, 2419, and 2997. : Has. Warmer parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet. 2. G. columnaris, Sm. (W. et A., l.c: cum syn.)—c.p. 1111. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, not uncommon. — 3. G. hirsuta, Vahl, (W. et A., Le. i..78, cum syn.)—c.P. 3554. Has. Open, grassy places in the east of the island. 4.” G. helicterifolia, Wall. MSS. (Walp. tad ii. 799.)—c.P. 1113. Has. In similar situations with the last, and equally common. © _Dr. Wight named this “ @. rotundifolia, MSS., var. fol. obliquis acuminatis.” It differs from the description of G. helictertfolia in the peduncles being commonly much longer than the petioles. : ‘@ 5. G. diplocarpa, Thw.; jfoliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, crenato- Serratis, 3-nerviis, sublevibus ; fructibus parce strigosis, bipartitis, Segmentis bilobis.—c.p. 2568.
a ENUMERATION OF [ Liliacee. Has. Maturatte and Oova, at an elevation of about 3000 feet. . Folia 3-4 poll. longa, 14-13 lata, juniora parce hirsuta, petiolo 4-5 liv. longo,
hirsuto. Stipula parvee, lanceolate, hirsute. Pedunculi solitarii, axillares, petiolis eequilongi, 3-flori. Bracteoli parvi. Sepala linearia, extus cinereo-tomentosa, petalis lanceolatis acutis plus quam duplo longiora. Stigma dilatatum, 4-lobatum. 6. G. tilieefolia, Vahl, (W. et A. Prod. i. 80, cum syn.)—c.p. 621. Has. Warmer parts of the island, common. 7. G. Microcos, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 81, cum syn.; Wight,’ Tllust. 81. t. 33.)—c.p. 1109. : Has. Very abundant, up to an elevation of 3000 feet.
3 4. BERRYA, Roxb. 1. B. Ammonilla, Roxb. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn. ; Wight, Illust. 82. t. 34.)—c.p. 1108. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island. Nom. vulg. ‘“ Hal-mililla.”. The wood of this fine tree is very valuable for building and other purposes. , ,
SECT. ELEOCARPES. 5. ELASOCARPUS, Linn. Nom. vulg..‘‘ Weraloo, Gal-weraloo.”’
1. E. serratus, Linn. (Fl. Zeyl. 206; Burm. Th. Zeyl. t. 40.)— c.P. 539 (554, 1115). ny go =
Has. Warmer parts of the island, up to an elevation of 2000 feet.
Stamina 30-35, omnia ad valve exterioris apicem setis 3-4 longis rigidis paten- tibus instructa. Drupa oblonga. “Ents
The fleshy exterior of the drupes of this and the following species are eaten by the Cinghalese.
2. E. obovatus, Arn. Pug. Pl. Ind. Or. 5 (323).—E. coriaceus, Hook. Ic. Plant. v. 2. t. 154.—c.p. 316. Has. Newera Ellia and other elevated parts of the island, at an ele- vation of from 6000 to 8000 feet. 4
Drupa spherica, putamine ruguloso-tuberculato.
3. E. montanus, Thw.; foliis ovatis vel rotundatis, obtusis, denti- culatis, parce hirsutis (junioribus subtus tomentosis), venis primariis ad axillas ramificationes divaricatasque conspicue glanduliferis ; antheris nudis; drupis sphericis.—c.p. 624 (630, 642).
Has. In similar localities with the last.
Arbor mediocris. Folia 2-34 poll. longa, petiolo 4-1 poll. longo. Racemi axillares, foliis zequilongi, tomentosi.
4, B.ameenus, Thw.; foliis levibus, lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceo- latis, brevi-acuminatis, obtusis, crenato-serratis, denticulatis, subtus ad nervarum primariarum axillas glanduliferis; antheris nudis; drupis sphericis.—c.P. 2587 and 2651 é 0.P. 2524).
Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 4000 feet. cs
Arbor mediocris. Gemme pilose. Folia 2-4 poll. longa, 3-2 poll. lata, petiolo — lin. longo. Racemi numerosi, parce pilosi, e foliorum delapsorum axillis, foliis
ores. i Bee :
Some specimens (c.p. 2524) in the herbarium are somewhat different in appear-
Dipterocarpee.] CEYLON PLANTS. 33
ance, but they are not sufficiently perfect to enable me to determine whether they are really distinct from or are a mere state of the present species.
5. E. subvillosus, Arn. Pug. 5 (323).—.. pubescens, Hooker, Ic. Pl. ii. t. 155. EH. integrifolius, Moon’s Cat.—c.p. 704.
Has. Saffragam District, up to an elevation of 2000 feet.
Drupa oblonga, putamine tuberculato, apice acuto.
6. MONOCERA, Jack.
1, M. glandulifera, Hook. (Wight, Ilust. p. 84.)—c.p. 675 (2476).
Has. Central Province ; not uncommon, at an elevation of from 4000 to 6000 feet. :
2, M. Walkeri, Wight, 1. c.—P? M. Ceylanica, Arn. Pug. p. 5 (823). —c.P. 8 and 166 (172, 421). ' 33
Has. Saffragam District, not very common, at an elevation of about 5000 feet.
I suspect this must be Dr. Arnott’s If. Ceylanica, which, having been de- scribed, as he states, from a single specimen, may not indicate the typical cha- racter of the species.
.
; | XXXII. DIPTEROCARPEA.
1. DIPTEROCARPUS, Gertner.
1. D. Zeylanicus, Thw. ; "hae magnis, ovatis vel oblongis, brevi- acuminatis, glabris, petiolo longo costaque leprosis ; gemmis villosis ; ealycis fructiferi tubo urceolato, 5-costato.—c.P. 1921. . 4B. Abundant, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg.
ns Hora-gass. ie : : :
Arbor ingens. Racemi axillares, solitarii, prope basin bifidi, 6-12-flori, ad ramu- lorum apices aggregatiy leprosi. Pediced/i tubo calycis campanulato paulo breviores.
The fruit of this species closely resembles Gertner’s D. costatus (De Fruet, tab. 187) as regards the size and form of the segments of the enlarged calyx, but © differs from it essentially in the constriction beneath these. From “D. /evis, Hamilton, the only other species with which it can be confounded, its costate or angled fruit would seem sufficiently to distinguish it. : i ee
A gum-resin and wood-oil are obtained from this and the species following. _ 2. D.hispidus, Thw.; foliis maximis, oblongis, brevi-acuminatis, subcordatis, superne ad costam et subtus petioloque pilis rigidis fasci- _culatis patentibus hirsutis; calycis fructiferi tubo spherico vel sub- ormi, pedicellato, leproso, apice 5-angulo, contracto.—c.p. 2903.
C.P. 3405 in th ee Aah ;
‘. B. Saffragam District, at no great elevation. Nom. vulg. “ Boo- ra-gass,”” ‘ ; This species is well distinguis ed by its large hispid leaves, one of which in
“my collection, from a young tree, is 19 inches long and 9 inches wide, with a ~ petiole 24 inches long. “The enlarged calyx-lobes are 6-7 inches long. . 3. D. oblongifolius, Thw.} foliis oblongis, brevi-acuminatis, basi tis, superne ad costam et subtus ad costam venas primariasque tis; ramis junioribus, gemmis eee pilis rigidis nitentibus subpatentibus hispidis; racemis supra-axillaribus, solitariis, simplicibus, . F
.
4
84 ENUMERATION OF [ Dipterocarpee.
2-4-floris, hispido-leprosis ; calyce incano-leproso, 5-angulato, in pedi- cello brevi desinente.—c.P. 3405. —-
Haz. Near Ratnapoora, April, 1855. — :
Arbor ingens. Folia 5-7 poll. longa, 24-4 poll. lata, petiolo 1-2 poll. longo. -
4. D. scabridus, Thw.; foliis lineari-oblongis, brevi-acuminatis, basi parce angustatis, superne glabris, subtus pubescentia stellari sparsa scabridis, costa subtus petioloque pilis rigidis adpressis _hirsutis ; ealycis fructiferi tubo parce leproso, subsphzrico, angulis 5 singulis in membranam undulatam pedicello brevi attingentem productis.—c.r. 2692. (c.P. 3406, in parte.)
Has. Near Ratnapoora, September, 1855.
Arbor ingens. Folia circiter 7 poll. longa, 24 lata, petiole % poll. longo. Calycis Sruetiferi lacinie majores 33-44 poll. longe, $1 poll. late.
. The adpressed pubescence and the shape of the leaves distinguish this species.
5. D. glandulosus, Thw.; foliis ovatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis, superne levibus, costa venisque primariis hirsutis, subtus pilis minutis coloratis conspersis ; ramis junioribus, gemmis petiolisque piloso- leprosis ; racemis axillaribus,. solitariis, 2-3-floris, leprosis ; calyce 5-angulato, in pedicello brevi desinente, leproso ; calycis fructiferi tubo subspharico, angulis in membranam medio latissimam pedicello tenui sepissime non attingentem productis.—c.p. 2590.
Has. Saffragam and Ambagamowa Districts, at no great elevation. Nom. vulg. “ Dorana-gass.”
Arbor ingens. Folia 4-6 poll. longa, 2-24 poll. lata, petiolo 6-8 lin. longo.
Calycis fructiferi lacinie majores 3-4 poll. longee, 7-8 lin. late.
v
This species is easily recognized by the glandular pubescence on the under side « +
- ~ leaves, which is at first pale-yellow, then red, and in the old leaves nearly
6. D. insignis, Thw. ; foliis ovatis, acuminatis, levibus, basi rotun- datis, subtus costa venisque primariis hirsutis; ramis junioribus, gemmis petiolisque pubescentibus ; racemis supra-axillaribus, solitariis, 3-5-floris, basi _pubescentibus, apicem versus levibus ; pedicellis sub- nullis ; calyce 5-angulato, angulis per totam longitudinem late mem- branaceo-alatis.—o.P. 3406. . eo
Has. Saffragam District, April, 1855.
Arbor ingens. Folia 42-53 poll. longa, 2-24 poll. lata, petzolo 7-9 lin. longo.
This species is easily distinguishable from the others by its smooth, longitudivally “t
5-bordered calyx, subsessile upon the rachis of the raceme.
.
| 2. DOONA, Thw. "Hook, Journ. of Bot. vol. iv. (1852) p. 7.
Stamina 15, biserialia. Embryo cotyledonibus foliaceis valde inw-
; harum* maxima inter stratum oleoso-albuminosum contorto-
convoluta, in germinatione inclusa; altera brevissima, in germinatione .
| Sepe emergente. — s. __ I. D. Zeylanica, Thw. 1. c. vol. iii. t. 12 ; foliis lanceolatis vel ovato- lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi angustatis, venis inconspicuis; pedicellis calyce longioribus.—c.p. 2423, rte
Dipterocarpee.| CEYLON PLANTS. és 35 _ Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 4000 feet. N om. vulg. * Doon-gass.””
A large quantity of colourless gum-resin exudes from the trunk and branches of this fine tree, which, when dissolved in spirits of wine or turpentine, makes an excel- lent varnish.
2. D. affinis, Thw.; /oliis lanceolatis vel. lineari-lanceolatis, longe acuminatis, basi rotundatis, venis subinconspicuis ; pedicellis calyce longioribus.—c.P. 3409.
Has. Between Ratnapoora and Galle, at no great elevation. __ Arbor ingens. Folia 2-8 poll. longa (aeumine 4 lin. longo), 9-11 lin. lata, petiolo circiter 4 lin. longo. eS - Closely allied to the preceding, but the leaves are larger and differently shaped, and the petioles much stouter.
3. D. nervosa, Thw: ; foliis ovatis, ovato-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis, longe acuminatis, opacis, venis venulisque prominulis, basi rotundatis ; pedicellis calyce subequilongis ; calycis fructiferi laciniis majoribus spathulato-dilatatis.—c.p. 3410. Sj
Has. Ekualagodde, near Ratnapoora, April, 1855.
Arbor ingens. Folia 8-4 poll. longa (acumine } poll. longo), 14-1? lata.
4. D. trapezifolia, Thw.; foliis trapezoideo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis, superne minute reticulatis, subtus venis inconspicuis ; pedicellis calyce equilongis ; calycis fructiferi laciniis majoribus spa- thulato-linearibus.—o.P. 3341. ‘
Has. Central and southern parts of the island, up to an elevation — of 1500 feet ; a common forest tree. Nom. vulg. ‘“ Tuccahaaloo-
. gass.”
Arbor ingens. Folia 23-84 poll. longa (acumine circiter 3 lin. longo), 9-14 lin. ©
_ lata, petiolo 4 lin, longo. :
5. D. congestiflora, Thw. ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subcordatis; floribus ad apices panicularum congestis ;
- pedicellis breyissimis.—c.P. 3411. ;
Has. Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, April, 1855. Nom. vulg.
_ “ Tinneya-gass.”
~
Arbor ingens. Folia 31-5 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata, petiolo 4-5 lin. longo.
This thie species is chaiustertsel by fie ‘cau shortly-stalked flowers collected towards the ends of the panicles, The fruit, with its enlarged calyx, closely resembles that of the preceding and following species. * 6. D. Gardneri, Thw. ; foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis, longe petiolatis ; floribus cernuis, pedicellis calyce bre- vioribus.—c.p. 1919.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of from 3000 to 5000 feet. .
Arbor ingens. Folia 2-8 poll. longa, 14-1} lata, petiolo 6-7 lin. longo.
A very distinct and beautiful species. ; 4
7. D. cordifolia, Thw. ; foliis oblongis, abrupte acuminatis, cordatis, subtus nitidis, ont venlsque prominentibus.—c.P. 3340. «
Has. Pasdoon Corle and Ambagamowa, at no great elevation. Nom.- vulg. “ Bairaleya.” z eae
Arbor ingens. Folia 3-4 poll. longa (acumine circiter 4 poll. longo), 13-23 poll. lata, petiolo 3-5 lin. longo. : ; : ae
T have not yet been able to obtain the flowers of this species, which is said
_ to produce them only- once in three years. Some seeds which were given to me
.
aa alg _ ENUMERATION OF { Dipterocarpee.
were unfortunately all sown, and none reserved for the herbarium. The Cinghalese | eat the ripe seeds after toasting or frying them.
3. SHOREA, Roxb.
1. 8. oblongifolia, Thw. ; foliis lineari-oblongis, abrupte acuminatis, basi truncato-rotundatis vel cordatis; ramis panicule secundifloris.— c.P, 3005.
Has. Saffragam and other districts in the south of the island, at no great elevation.
Arbor ingens. Folia 4-6 poll. longa, 13-23 poll. lata, petiolo 6-8 lin. longo. Ramuli juniores petiolique, cum paniculis supra-axillaribus, minute stellato-incani. Pedicetlt brevissimi. Flores flavi, odorati, dorso strigosi. Calyx fructiferus minute tomentosus, laciniis sursum dilatatis. Fructus tomentoso-incanus. :
This is evidently closely allied to, if it be not a variety of, Vatica Tumbugaia, W. and A., Wight, Icon. tab. 27, with which it would seem to correspond very nearly in the inflorescence and in the structure of the fruit, but the leaves are much longer compared with their width.
2. &.? stipularis, Thw.; foliis oblongis, brevi-acuminatis, basi ro- tundatis vel subcordatis, longe petiolatis, levibus; stipulis magnis, ovatis, subobliquis, striatis, dia persistentibus.—c.P. 3408. pie
Has. Between Ratnapoora and Galle, at no great elevation.
Arbor ingens, ramulis teretibus. Folia 4-6 poll. longa, 2-4 poll. lata, petiolo 12-14 lin. longo, Stipule 6-11 lin. longe, 4-7 lin, late. Calycis fructiferi lacinie sursum dilatate ; tres majores 5-54 poll: longer, 14 poll. late, 11—-14-costate ; dus minores 33—4 poll. longe, 5-6 lin. lates, 6-8-costate. Fructus subsphericus, apice _ conico acuto. :
I have not seen the flowers, nor have I been able to ascertain the character of the inflorescence of this fine species, but, judging from the structure of the fruit, it must be very nearly allied to this genus. The large size and persistence of the stipules form a very striking character.
-In the herbarium are specimens of the foliage of what appears to be another species of Shorea (c.P. 3407), but the description must be deferred until better materials can be collected. :
4. HOPEA, Roxb.
1, Hf. discolor, Thw. ; foliis lanceolatis, longe acuminatis, basi ro- tundatis, superne levibus, ad costam venasque primarias canaliculatis, subtus brunneo-leprosis; paniculis axillaribus, ramis secundifloris ; pe- dicellis brevissimis.—c.P. 3125. 23505 * Has. Saffragam and Ambagamowa Districts, at no great eleva- ion, , 2
Arbor ingens, ramulis teretibus, nigro-rufis, leprosis. Folia 23-8} poll. longa (acumine circiter 4 poll. longo); 8-13 lin. lata, petiolo 4~5 lin. longo. Panicula _ Solitarize vel 2-3-fasciculatz, foliis multo breviores, rufescentes, ‘parce leprosz.
Flores flavo-rufescentes, odoratissimi. Calycis fractiferi \acinize majores spathulate,
2} poll. long. Fruetus subconicus, levis. ;
The rich brown coleur of the under side of the leaves well distinguishes this beau- tiful species,
5, VATERIA, Linn. Stamina numerosa, indefinita, multiserialia, apice ends.
*
Dipterocarpee. | CEYLON PLANTS. 37
1. V. Indica, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 83, cum syn.; Wight, Til. t. 36; Gertner, De Fruct. iii. 53. t. 189.)—c.r. 1918. Haz. Common in the hotter parts of the island, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Hal-gass.” A gum-resin exudes in consi- derable quantity from this handsome tree, and is much used by the Cinghalese for burning during some of their superstitious ceremonies. Arbor ingens, trunco levi. Ramuli teretes, juniores stellato-furfuracei. Folia oblonga vel lineari-oblonga, apiculata, basi cordata, 6-18 poll. longa, 3-6 poll. lata ; petiolo tereti, 13-21 poll. longo, apice incrassato. Stipule lineari-lanceolate, dorso furfuracere, deciduse, circiter 1 poll. longe. Panicule ad apices ramorum, foliis subequilongze, flocculoso-furfuraceze, pallide-ochraces, multifloree. Flores brevi- pedicellati, bibracteolati. Bracteole ovate, acute, 4 lin. longe. Stamina nume- rosa, filamentis brevissimis, basi coalitis; anxtheris introrsis, longitudinaliter dehis- centibus, basi bi-auriculatis, loculis ad apicem divergentibus, acutis. Fructus 4 poll. longi, 24-3. poll. lati. gfe : _ Blume, in his Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. ii, 29, makes two species of the Linnean Vateria Indica, reserving this name for the Ceylon plant, and calling the Peninsular one V. Malabarica. 1 have no means of determining whether this view is correct, but in order to assist in clearing the matter of doubt, I have given above a pretty full description of the Ceylon plant. : ‘The figure of this species in Dr. Wight’s Illust. tab. 36 is not satisfactory. Gertner’s figure of the fruit is very characteristic, though it is rather smaller than _ ordinary specimens.
6. ISAUXIS, Arn.
Stamina 15, biserialia. Calyx fructifer multum auctus.
1. I. Roxburghiana, Wight, Illust. p. 88; Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 26. —c.p. 3416. st + na) - Has. South of the island, at no great elevation. Nom. vulg. “ Man- dora-gass.” This tree yields a considerable quantity of gum-resin.
Anthera plane, obtuse, connectivo in apiculum brevem producto. Calyx fructifer basi depressus, laciniis 5-nerviis. Fructus 3-sulcatus, apie depresso.
T have little doubt of this being Dr. Wight’s plant, though there is 4 slight dis- ~crepancy between. my specimens and the figure in the ‘Icones;’ but this is most- likely due to a little want of accuracy on the part of the draftsman.
7, STEMONOPORUS, Thw. Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. vi. (1854) p. 67.
“Stamina 15, biserialia, antheris apice per laterum involutionem tubu-
latis. Calyx-fructifer non auctus. Sect. 1.—Inflorescentia paniculata. : 1. S. Wightii, Thw. ; foliis oblongis vel lineari-oblongis, apiculatis,
basi rotundatis vel subcuneatis, subtas scabridis, longe petiolatis ; an-
theris brevi-apiculatis.—S. macrophyllus, Thw. MSS. ‘in Herb. Hook.
? Vateria Ce lice, Wight, Iilust. p. 88.—c.P. 3415.
- Has. In Picaia between Galle and Ratnapoora, and at Palmadoolla,
near the latter place. . Arbor ingens, Folia 5-12 poll. longa, 3-6 poll. lata, venis primariis circiter 20,
petiole 14-3 poll. longo. Panicula foliis multo breviores. ,
638 : ENUMERATION OF _ [Dipterocarpee.
2. S. Gardneri, Thw. |. c. tab. 2.4. ; foliis ovato-acuminatis, basi ro- tundatis vel subcordatis.—c.P. 1920.
Has. Rambodde, Gardner; near Adam’s Peak, at an elevation of about 5000 feet. sia! :
Arbor magna. Folia 3-5 poll. longa, 14-24 poll. lata, venis primariis circiter 10, petiolo 3-1 poll. longo. Panicule numerose ad apices ramulorum. —
Sect. 2.—Floribus paucis, racemosis vel solitariis ; pedunculis pedicellisque brevibus.
_ 3. S. affinis, Thw. l.c.; jfolits ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, basi ro- tundatis ; pedunculis sepissime 1-floris.—c.P. 2430. - Has. Hunasgiria District, at an elevation of about 4000 feet. Arbor magna. Folia 3-44 poll. longa (acumine circiter 4 poll. longo), 14-23 poll. lata, venis primariis circiter 8, petiolo 6-8 lin. longo. eee 4, S.lanceolatus, Thw. 1. c.; foliis lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceo- _latis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis, superne glabris, venis prominentibus reticulatis, subtus scabridis ; pedunculis sepissime 1-floris.—c.P. 2658. Has. Near Ratnapoora, at no great elevation. Arbor parva. Folia 44-8} poll. longa (acumine 4-8 lin. longo), 14-3 poll. lata, vents primarits circiter 8, petiolo 5-7 lin. longo. ' 5. S. canaliculatus, Thw.; foliis oblongis, lanceolatis vel lineari- lanceolatis, plus minus abrupte acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subcu- neatis, superne ad costam canaliculatis, subtus scabridis levibusve ; pedunculis seepissime 1-floris—c.P. 3413. : Has. Hinidoon and Reigam Corles, at no great elevation, == Arbor mediocris. Folia 4-6 poll. longa (acumine circiter 4 poll. longo), 14-23 lata, vents primariis circiter 12, petiolo 4-1} poll. longo, apicem versus incrassato. - Fructus 1% poll. in diam. This bears considerable resemblance to the species preceding and following it, but its canaliculated leaves distinguish it from both.
6. S. petiolaris, Thw.; j/oliis lineari-oblongis, abrupte acuminatis, . basi. rotundatis vel subcuneatis, superne levibus, subtus scabridis — levibusve, longe petiolatis ; peduneulis 1-3-floris.—c.p. 3151. 2
Has. Kittool e, at no great elevation. :
Arbor mediocris. Folia 6-10 poll. longa (acumine }-3 poll. longo),"2-22 poll. lata, venis primariis cireiter 12, petiole 1-3 poll. longo, apicem versus incrassato.
7. &. rigidus, Thw. 1. ¢.; foliis rigidissimis, scabridis, oblongis, apice
_ rotundatis vel subapiculatis, basi cuneatis vel cuneato-rotundatis; pe- — dunculis sepissime 1-floris.—c.p. 2645. & -
Has. Ambagamowa District, at an elevation of about 3000 feet.
Arbor magna. Folia 34-5} poll. longa, 14-23 lata, venis primariis tirciter 9,
' petiolo 6-8 lin. longo. sc 8. S. oblongifolius, Thw. l.c.; foliis levibus, oblongis, subacumi- natis, obtusis, basi rotundatis ; peduneulis 1-4-floris.—c.P. 2646. « Has. Ambagamowa District, at an elevation of about 4000 feet. _ Arbor magna. Folia 4-64 poll. longa, 13-24 lata, venis primariis circiter 83 — _ petiolo 4-6 lin. longo. : vate Ps _ 9. 8. reticulatus, Thw.; foliis oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, Jonge acuminatis, basi rotundatis, superne nitidis, subtus opacis inter.venas primarias reticulato- nee parallelo-venosis, longe petiolatis ; pedwnculis sepissime 1-floris.—c.p. 3414. . ‘
Dipterocarpee. | CEYLON PLANTS. . 89
Has. Hinidoon Corle, at an elevation of about 1000 feet. ” Arbor mediocris. Folia 24-5 poll. longa (acumine 3-1 poll. longo), 14-24 lata, venis primariis circiter 8, petiolo 7-15 lin. longo. Fructus rotundatus, apice parce’
acuminatus,. 134 poll. in diam. ;
10. S. nitidus, Thw.; foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subcuneatis, utringue nitidis, subtus reticulatis ; pedunculis 1-floris —S.lucidus, Thw. MSS. in Herb. Hook.—c.P. 3483.
Haz. Pasdoon Corle, at no great elevation. Ny _ Arbor mediocris. Folia 24-3} poll. longa (acumine 3-6 lin. longo), 8-13 lin. lata, venis primariis circiter 6, petiolo 3-4 lin. longo. ; : ~ Closely allied to but perfectly distinct from the preceding.
11. S.? Moonii, Thw. ; foliis anguste lanceolatis, basi cuneatis, su- perne levibus, subtus ad costam venas primariasque, cum petiolo tereti, - pilosis; stipwlis longis, lineari-lanceolatis, rigidis, persistentibus ; pe-
-dunculis 1-floris, in foliorum delapsorum axillis inter stipulas persis- _ tentes.—c.P. 1792. ,
Has. Maturatte?, Moon. ~ : j .
: “pte 6-10 poll. longa, 1-2 poll. lata, petiolo circiter 1 poll. longo. Stipule S-1G ;
n. longe. : ithis interesting species is so unlike in general appearance those that precede it in this genus, that it was with some surprise I found, upon an analysis of an unopened —
- flower, that it corresponded with them in the number, structure, and arrangement of the stamens, and in the external characters of the ovary and style. There are only two indifferent specimens in the herbarium, and one of these without flowers, col- lected by Mr. Moon many years ago, so that I have not materials for such a critical
examination of the plant as would be desirable. ”
8. MONOPORANDRBA, Thw. Hook, Journ. of Bot. vol. vi. (1854) p. 69.
2 Stamina 5, antheris apice per laterum involutionem tubulatis. Ova- _riwm 2-loculare wh : 1. M. cordifolia, Thw. 1. c.; foliis ovatis vel oblongis, longe acumi- natis, basi cordatis vel rotundatis, superne costa et seepissime Yonis pri- mariis depressis, subtus venis secundariis parallelis ; paniculis multi- floris.—c.P. 2647. ~
- Has. Ambagamfowa and Saffragam Districts, at an elevation of about 3000 feet: igi
“Arbor mediocris, ramosissima. Folia 2-44 poll. longa (acumine $-1 poll. longo), 1-24 poll. lata, petiolo 4-11 lin, Yongo. ee 2, M. elegans, Thw. l.c.; foliis ovatis vel oblongis, longe acuminatis, basi rotundatis, superne ad costam depressis, venis prominentibus, sub- tus cag venas primarias reticulato-venosis ; pedunculis paucifloris.— OB, 871. ; ee ’ : Has. Saffragam District, at an elevation of about 2000 feet. Arbor mediocris, ramosissima, Folia 14-24 poll. longa (acumine™4—6 lin. longo), - 6-10 lin. lata, petiolo 2-5 lin. longo. : 3. ML lancifolia, Thw. ; foliis lanceolatis, valde acuminatis, basi ro- tundatis, superne costa alan prominentibus ; pedunculis paucifloris. —C.P. 3412. : i _ ong ‘Hellessee, in the Pasdoon Corle, at no great elevation. April,
40 ENUMEBRATION OF [ Ternstremiacee.
Arbor parva, ramosissima. Folia 24-3} poll. longa (acumine 4-8 lin. longo), 7-11 lin. lata, petiole 3-4 lin. longo.
XXXII. TERNSTRG@MIACE. —
1. CLEYERA, Thunb.
1. C. gymnanthera, W. et A. Prod. i. p. 87.—c.P. 778 (779).
Has. Common in forests of the Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 feet and upwards, : :
2. ©. emarginata, Gard. in Calc. Journ. of Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p. 447.- —c.P. 782. aor
Has. Not uncommon near Adam’s Peak and other more elevated parts of the island. ‘
- Frutex glaber, 10-16-pedalis. Ramuli teretes. Folia coriacea spathulata, apicem versus crenato-serrata, emarginata, subtus pallidiora, 14-23 poll. longa, 9-15 lin. lata. . Pedunculi axillares, solitarii, 1-flori, cireiter 8 lin. longi. Flores flavido- purpurascentes, ceriiui, bracteolis 2 minutis suffulti. Petala sepalis duplo longiora, circiter 4 lin, longa. Stamina numerosa, glabra, fi/amentis brevibus, planis ; antherarum introrsarum loculis linearibus, connectivo lato, filamento continuo, apice producto separatis. Ovarium glabrum, biloculare ; /oculis 1-ovulatis ; stylo_brevi, bifido ; stigmatibus 2, dilatatis, lobulatis. Fructus conicus, 2-spermus.
T have examined a great many specimens of this plant, and have invariably found two minute bracteole below each flower, and the loculi of the ovary one-ovuled. - The leaves must be considered sessile, since the lamina is continued ‘to their very base, though it forms but a narrow border to each side of the costa in the lower part.
2. GORDONIA, Ellis.
1. G. Zeylanica, Wight, Illust. i. p. 99. : '_ Var. a. lanceolata; ramulis pilosis, foliis’ lanceolatis vel oblongo- lanceolatis.—c.P. 788. 8 ois Var. 8. elliptica; ramulis levibus vel sublevibus, foliis latioribus. —G. Pigiion Gard..1. c. vol. vii. p. 448.—c.v. 2417. ; Has. Forests of tle Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 7000 feet. : ones _ _ This species, according to the situation in which «it occurs, varies very much in the size of the flowers and size and shape of the leaves. In exposed places where — the soil is poor, the var. a is found, whilst in more sheltered localities -and richer soil the plant is much more luxuriant, and puts on the.form of var. 8. In a series of specimens the two forms may be seen to pass imperceptibly into each other. — 2. G. speciosa, Thw.—Carria speciosa, Gardn. l.c. ‘vol. vii. Pp: Ie— -C.P. 2403. . , ; _ Has. Rather uncommon ; in damp forests of the Central Province, at an elevation of 5000 feet and upwards. “
Arbor magna, 40-50-pedalis. Ramuli teretes, glabri. Folia integra, sessilia, —
-coriacea, glabra, elliptica vel ovata, retusa, 3-41 poll. longa, 13-23 poll, lata. Flores magni, axillares, sessiles vel brevi-pedunculati; petalis cordatis, sanguineo-purpureis, 15-2 poll. longis. : oe :
T regret being obliged to include in the genus Gordonia this fine species, which Dr. Gardner dedicated, under the generic name of Carria, to the late excellent Sir Wm. Carr; but I find that the characters upon which he based his generic distinctive HL gnosis are common to the other Ceylon species of Gordonia. The structure of :
the anthers is the same in both, and the analysis of the seed of Gordonia Zeylamica
_ Lernstremiacee.) ~ CEYLON PLANTS. 41
corresponds with that which he gives of Carria speciosa, the cotyledons being per- fectly flat, and not plaited. :
3. SAROSANTHERA, Korthals.
1. S. lasiopetala, Thw.—Cleyera lasiopetala, Wight, Ill. i. p. 99.
Eurya lasiopetala, Gardner, |. ¢. vol. vii. p. 446.—c.P. 775 (776, 783). 4B. Common in the forests of the Central Province, at an elevation of 6000 feet and upwards. ‘
Arbor mediocris. Ramuli teretes, minute strigosi. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa vel subacuminata, retusa, margine revoluta, minute denticulata, superne . glabra, subtus minute et parce strigosa, 24—4 poll. longa, $—1 poll. lata. Peduncult
axillares, solitarii, 1-flori, cernui, circiter 8 lin. longi, apice inerassati. Fores her- maphroditi, 6-8 lin. in diam., externe sericeo-strigosi; petalis albidis. Fructus globosus, carnosus nee pulposus, circiter 5 lin. in diam.
This description is taken principally from the one published by Dr. Gardner.
: 4. EURYA, Thunb.
1, E. Japonica, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 191, t. 25. Var. a. Thunbergii; ramulis teretibus, glabris.— 2. Japonica, DC. Prod.i.525.. i. elliption, Gardner, 1. c. vol. vii. p. 443.—c.P. 777 (787).
Var. 8. acuminata; ramulis teretibus, pilosis—/. acuminata, DC. Prod. i. 525, E. membranacea, Gard. 1. ¢. vol. vii. p. 444.—.P. 1078 (785, 786).
Var. y. Chinensis ; ramulis angulosis, pilosis—E. Chinensis, R. Br. Abel’s Voy. App. p. 379; DC. 1.¢.; Bentham in Hook. Kew Journ. of Bot, vol. iti. (1851) p. 307. E. Ceylanica, Wight, Il. i. 98; Gardner, l.¢: vol. vii. p. 444.—o:P. 2600. ese
ar. 5. parvifolia; ramulis angulosis, pilosis ; foliis minoribus, pallidis—#. parvifolia, Gardner, l. ¢. vol. vil. p. 445.—c.P. 784. _ Has. Vars. a, 8, and 8 in the more elevated parts of the island, up _ to 8000 feet; 5 in exposed situations; var. 8 from a little above the sea-level, up to an elevation of 5000 feet, very abundant. Nom. vulg. “ Neyadasse-gass.” a
It is only after a very careful and long-continued study of these plants that I
have ventured to unite them.as.forms of one variable species. I have been quite unable to discover, in those parts where other botanists have thought cop existed, any definite difference of structure sufficient to constitute a distinction of species. The number of the stamens and apparent length of the style vary in the same variety Just as much as between the so-called species, and it seems to me quite impossible aba a clear line of distinction between io ro ba Neg since specimens are
met with combining them all by intermediate links.. es :
Cochlospermum Coereatibe DC., 3 not found in a wild state in the island, but only, as Dre Gardner has remarked, in the vicinity of temples.
XXXIV. OLACACEZ. TRIBE OPILER. 1. OPILIA, Roxb.
1. ©. amentacea, Roxb. Corom. Pl. t. 158; Wight, Ilust. p. 103,
t. 40.—¢.p. 2916 (1147).
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, at no great elevation. ~
‘
a >) ENUMEBATION OF . - [Olacacee.
TRIBE OLACEZ. 2. OLAX, Lin.
1. ©, Seylanica, Lin. (W. et A. Prod. i. 88, cum syn.)—c.P. 1214.
Has. Southern part of the island; abundant. Nom. vulg. “ Malla.” The Cinghalese eat the leaves of this plant in their curries.
2. O. scandens, Roxb. (W. et A., l.c. p. 89, cum syn.)—c.P. 1216.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island. :
3. O. Wightiana, Wall. (W. et A., ].c. cum syn.)—o.p. 1215.
Has. Warmer parts of the island; not uncommon. ~
3. STROMBOSIA, Blume.
i, S. Javanica, BL. Bijdr. p. 1154; Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. p- 251, t. 47.—S. Ceylanica, Gardner, in Cale. Journ. of Nat. Hist. vol. vi. p- 350.—c.p. 1237. x : ‘Has. In forests of the Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 eet. : eee ; Blame’s figure and description leave no room for doubt that this is his plant.
- TRIBE ICACINEZ.
4. BURSINOPETALUM, Wight, Icones, 956.
1. B. arboreum, Wight, ].c. Var. macrophyllum.—c.P. 637, 2440. Has. Forests of the Central Province, at an elevation of 4000. to 7000 feet. ; Arbor ingens. Folia ovato-oblonga, acuminata, 4—9 poll. longa, 13—4 poll. lata, petrolo 1-2 poll. longo. tiie I can discover no character to distinguish this from Dr. Wight’s plant but the larger size of the leaves, and do not venture to separate it on that account only. A comparison with authentic specimens of Dr. Wight’s B.arboreum may possibly prove this to be distinct from it, and in that case it might be called B. macrophyllum. 2. B. tetrandrum, Wight, MSS. ; /oliis oblongis vel ovato-oblongis, Jloribus tetrameris. | big Var. a; foliis longe acuminatis.—c.r. 2441. : Var. 8; foliis minoribus, apice rotundatis vel abrupte et brevi- acuminatis.—c.P. 2542. — Arbor ingens. Folia 2-4 poll. longa, 2-2 poll. lata, pétiolo 4-8" lin. longo. _ Distinguished most readily from the preceding by its smaller, tetramerous flowers ; the leaves, also, are not nearly so large, and the ripe fruit is more cylindrical in form, and smaller. :
5. APODYTES, E. Mey.
1, A.Gardneriana, Miers, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. sor. 2. vol. ix. p. 389.—c.P. 204 (495, 1218, 1219). ,
Has. Forests of the Central Province, at an elevation of from 5000 to 7000 feet ; not uncommon. :
Arbor mediocris. Folia 2-4 poll. longa, 3-2 poll. lata, petiolo 3-5 lin. longo.
Olacacea. } ‘CEYLON PLANTS. — 43
I have not had an opportunity of comparing this with 4. Benthamiana, Wight, Icon. t. 1153, which is described as having larger flowers than those of this species. The Ceylon plant invariably turns blackish in drying.
6. MAPPIA, Jacq.
1. M. foetida, Miers, 1. c. p. 395.—M. ovata, Miers, 1. c. p. 396. Stemonurus? fetidus, Wight, Icon. t. 955; Spicil. Neilgh. t. 23.— o.p. 492. . ’ : ~ Var. a. Gardneriana ; alabastris rotundatis—M. Gardneriana, Miers, l.c. p. 396. -
Var. 8. Championiana ; foliis membranaceis, alabastris oblongis.— M. Championiana, Miers, 1. c. 397. ;
Has. One of the commonest plants in the island, and to be met with from the level of the sea, up to an elevation of 7000 feet. Nom. vulg. ** Gandapaana-gass.””
Owing to its great range in elevation, this plant varies a great deal in appearance — and in the texture of its growing parts, these being of a much firmer consistence on the hills than in the neighbourhood of the sea, and more palpably so in dried than in fresh specimens. fy
7, STEMONURUS, Blume. Stemonurus (in parte), Miers. Urandra, Thw.
1. S. apicalis, Thw.— Urandra apicalis, Thw. in Hook. Kew Journ. of Bot. vol. vii. (1855) p. 211.—c.p. 2569.
Has. Damp forests, at an elevation of from 1000 to.2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “‘ Oorookannoo-gass.”
Arbor ingens. Ramuli teretes, glabri. Folia integra, coriacea, oblonga vel — obovato-oblonga, abrupte brevi-acuminata, basi angustata, subtus pallidiora, 4-6 poll. longa, 2-8 poll. lata, petiolo 5-8 lin. longo. Pedunculi axillares, solitarii vel bini, petiolo breviores vel subsequilongi. Capetula 7-12-flora. Flores” hermaphroditi, .\ petalis viridibus, basin versus purpurascentibus, circiter 2 lin. longis. _Drupa ob-
longa, subacuta, 15 lin. longa, 8 lin. lata, viridi-purpurascens, dimidio apicali albido ;
putamine ligneo, cancellato, externe fasciculato-fibroso. _Embryo im axi albuminis
Fog carnosi ; radicula supera, cylindrica, cotyledonibus parvis cordatis equi-
onga; testa pericarpio consolidata. : sk oe
When descrbidg this plant, two years ago, under the name of Urandra apicalis, I had not the opportunity of referring to Blume’s Museum Bot. Ludg. Batav., -and took it for granted that Mr. Miers was correct in determining Dr. Wallich’s genus Gomphandra to be identical with Stemonurus of Blume. Now, however,
I am satisfied that that learned botanist was in error, and that to Platea of ~ Blume is to be referred the genus Gomphandra. Blume’s definition of Stemonurus
as “drupa baccata, nucleo fibroso,” does not apply to Gomphandra, though it
does to the species figured in the Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat., and to the plant now under description. By a strange oversight, Mr. Miers -has read my account of the structure of the seed of Gomphandra polymorpha, Wight (Hooker's Journal of
Bot. vol. vii. p. 211), as if it were that of my Urandra apicalis, and has thus
been under the erroneous impression (Linnean Trans. vol. xxii. p. 97 ed seq.)
that the structure is the same in the two plants. It is very different, for in - Stemonurus apicalis there is no appearance of the longitudinal division of the albumen into two equal parts ; the testa is firmly adherent to the pericarp, and the putamen is very peculiar in character, being ligneous, with several longitudinal cavities filled with soft cellular matter, and externally, when the flesh of the
44, _ ENUMERATION OF _ [Olacacee.
drupe has decomposed os been removed, exhibiting a fasciculate-fibrous structure, which in appearince is not very unlike an arillus, but of course essentially very different from one. Mr. Miers is right-in saying that Urandra apicalis is a Stemonurus, and J have now called it_so; but it is not so for the reasons he gives, as has been shown above. :
8. PLATEA, Blume. Gomphandra, Wallich, Wight.. Stemonurus (in parte), Miers.
1. P. axillaris, Thw.— Gomphandra azillaris, Wall. Cat. n. 3718. Lasianthera? tetrandra, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 328. Gom- phandra polymorpha, Wight, Ilust. i. p. 103; Icones, t. 954. Stemo- nurus axillaris, Miers, in Ann. of Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. x. p. 41. S¢. polymorphus, Miers, |. c. p. 37. St. Ceylanicus, Miers, 1: ¢. p. 42. St.
anus, Miers, 1. c. p. 40.—c.P. 251 (762). ; .B. From the level of the sea, up to an elevation of 4000 feet ; very abundant. ore i
After reading the description of Dr. Wallich’s plant in ‘Flora Indica,’ cited above, it would seem almost*impossible to doubt that this is the species intended by him, It is a very protean one as regards the shape and size of the leaves, and has consequently been overwhelmed with synonyms. I have not the least — — those quoted above, if not more, are referable to it in one or other of its forms. :
2. P. coriacea, Thw.—Gomphandra coriacea, Wight, IL i. p. 103. G. polymorpha, 3, Wight, Icon. t. 953. . Stemonurus Gardneri, Miers, Le. p. 38. St. Walkeri, Miers, Lc. p. 43. Platea Wightiana, Miers,
x phy 111.—c.p, 375. : 4B. Damp forests of the Central Province, at an elevation of 3000
to 6000 feet ; not uncommon. : _. Equally protean, or even more so than the last species, in the size and shape of its leaves, which vary from harrow-lanceolate to orbicular, with a long, narrow acu- mination. The hairs upon the filaments are very short, and may easily have been- overlooked by Dr. Wight?s draughtsman; and the petals and stamens of the fertile plant are so very caducous, that it is not surprising to find Blume describing the flowers as having none. The peduncle is at first axillary, but a leaf being most commonly produced upon it at about its middle, its upper part of course appears opposite to this new leaf, and more strikingly so when a leaf-bud has become de- veloped in the axil of the latter. te
This species differs most obviously from the last in its coriaceous, opaque leaves, and longer, dichotomous peduncles, and in these latter appearing most commonly opposite to a leaf. Gomphandra coriacea of Dr. Wight’s ‘ Illustrations’ is, no doubt, the tetramerous form of this. :
-
XXXV. AURANTIACER,
1, ATALANTIA, Corr. |
1. A. monophylla, DC. (W. et A. Prod. i. 91; Wight, Illust. i108.)
—c.p. 497 (1198). a. Has. Kornegalle -and towards the north of the island, at no great =
elevation ; not uncommon, ‘ bis # thal lt gine
; igen calycis segmentis
-€. 94, cum syn.—c.P. 1200. ; : :
. Var. 8. paniculata ; foliis majoribus, membranaceis, venis subtus ” enti
“ Aurantiacee.) ° CEYLON PLANTS. ‘2 45 ‘
2. LIMONTA, Lin.
1. L. alata, Herb. Madr. (W. et A., lc. p. 92.)—c.p. 1191.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island; common. Nom. vulg. “ Toompat- kooroondoo-gass.””
2. La. Missionis, Wall. (W. et A., 1. c.)—c.p. 1194.
Has. Hotter parts of the island. Nom. vulg. “ Pambooroo-gass.”
3. GLYCOSMIS, Corr.
1. G. arborea, DC. (W. et A., 1. e. cum syn.)—c.P. 180.
Haz. Abundant in the hot, drier parts of the island. Nom. vulg. “Dodang-paana-gass.” .
Filamenta dilatata, supra medium latissima, ad apicem angustata. Ovarium glandulosum, breve, gynophoro sphzeroidali angustius. Sty/xs depressus, brevis, stigmate discoideo distincto equilatus. , .
This must certainly be the Zimonia arborea of Roxburgh (Cor. Plant. t. 85),
though the analysis of the floweraccompanying his figure expresses far from cor-
reetly the character of the species.
2. G. pentaphylla, DC. (W. et A., 1. c. 93, cum syn.)—c.p. 1192.
Has. Very common; up to an elevation of 3000 feet.
Filamenta ut in specie precedenti. Pisti/lum, una cum gynophoro mediocri, subeylindricum, truncatum. Fructus pulposus.
This is.a very variable species as regards the shape and size of its leaves, but may always be distinguished from the preceding by the much smaller panicles and different shape of the pistil and gynophore. :
3. G. bilocularis, Thw. ; foliis pinnatis ; foliolis alternis, brevi- cutie trapezoideo-lanceolatis, apice obtusis ; paniculis axillaribus,
revissimis, paucifloris ; ovario biloculari—c.r. 3362 (olim cum ©.P. 1192 mixta). - - Has. Maturatte District, at no great elevation.
Fruter. Foliola 13-22 poll. longa, 5-8 lin. lata, subtus pallidiora. Flores sub- j
sessiles. Calyx 6-fidus, segmentis triangularibus. Peta/a 5, albida, minute rufo-
punctata, oblonga. Filamenta alterna breviora, multum et irregulariter dilatata,
interne concava. PistidZ7um, una cum gynophoro, conicum, trancatum. = This bears a considerable resemblance to some forms of the preceding species,
but its two-celled ovary, besides other differences, proves it to be quite distinct. ~
Its technical characters would perhaps bring it within the genus Se/erosty er a nearest affinity is certainly with the species of Glycosmis.
ea 4, MURRAYA, Kenig.
1. M. exotica, Lin. .
Var. a. buzifolia ; ramulis confertis, glabris vel tomentosis ; foliis is triangularibus.—. exotica, W. et A.,
us; calycis segmentis oblongis.—W. paniculata, W. et A.,
-¢. cum syn.—c.P. 1199. . ~ . Var. a in gardens only. Var. 8 common in the warmer parts of the island, and up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg.
: o”
ya-gass.
46 ENUMERATION OF - [Awrantiacee, —
With fresh specimens of these two forms before me, I have been unable to discover anything like a good specific difference between them.
5. SCLEROSTYLIS, Blume.
I. S. Geylanica, Wight, Ill. i. p. 109.—S. Arnottiana, Wight, 1. c. Rissoa Ceylanica, Arn. Pug. p. 6 (324).—c.P. 1196.
Has. Warmer parts of the island, not uncommon. Nom. vulg. “ Yucca-naara-gass.”’
A very variable species in the size and shape of its leaves, and the number of flowers in the axils. I have always found the flowers tetramerous, and two ovules in each loculus of the ovary.
9, S. rotundifolia, Thw.; inermis?, foliis rotundis vel ovato-ro- tundis, rétusis, coriaceis ; racemis ad apices ramulorum confertis.— c.P. 3295. 4
Has. Maturatte, at an elevation of 4000 feet and upwards; not common.
‘Arbor parva, ramosissima, glabra. Folia 4-14 poll. longa, 4-14 poll, lata, petiolo \-2 lin. longo. Racemi axillares et terminales, solitarii vel 2—3-fasciculati, 5-10-flori, foliis equilongi. Flores tetrameri. Calyx profunde 4-fidus, lobis rotun- datis. Ovarium oblongum, brevi-stipitatum, in sty/um cylindricum apice compresso- dilatatum margine stigmatosam equilongum attenuatum ; /ocuiis 2, biovulatis.
Closely allied to the preceding species, but distinguished at once by the absence (apparently) of spines, aud the different shape of the leaves. The calyx is deeply four-lobed, whereas in S. Ceylanica it is scarcely more than undulated ; the style is also more slender in the present species, and the ovary more decidedly stalked. In — both species the latter organ is surrounded at its base by a free, glandular annulus.
6. BERGERA, Kenig.
1. B. Keenigii, Lin. (W. et A. Prod. i. 94, cum syn. ; Wight, Icones, - t. 13.)—c.P. 1203, 2547. ‘
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island; not uncommon. Nom. vulg. _ “ Karapinchee-gass.”
‘The Cinghalese use the leaves of this plant as a seasoning for their curries.
2. B. nitida, Thw.; foliolis 5-14, oblongis, obtuse ‘acuminatis vel retusis, valde obliquis, obscure crenatis, glabris, nitidis ; ovarit loculis 2, biovulatis.—c.P. 2421. ‘
_ His. Warmer parts of the island ; not very uncommon. Nom. vulg. ‘ “ Meegong-karapinchee-gass.” .
Arbor mediocris. Ramuli minute pilosi. Foliola 14-8 poll. longa, 3-14 poll. lata, petiolulo puberulo, 1-2 lin. longo. Paniculi terminales, puberuli. Flores parvi, albidi, pentameri. Staminum filamenta medio dilatata ; anthere cordato- rotundate. Ovarium oblongum ; stylo brevi, cylindrico, deciduo ; stigmate capitato. Fructus sphericus, pulposus, flavus, 1-spermus, 4—5 lin. in diam. ae
This species has evidently a near affinity with Piptostylis Indica, Dalzell (Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. iii. p. 33. t. 2), the style being wholly deciduous as in that species, and the loculi of the ovary always two-ovuled ; but it differs from it in ifs. very oblique leaves, smaller flowers, capitate stigma, and two-celled ovary. It may be considered doubtful, perhaps, whether it is desirable to retain the genus Piptostylis as distinct from Bergera. 1am able to confirm Mr. Dalzell’s observation that the loculi of the ovarium of B. Kewigii are frequently two-ovuled.
#; 7. MICROMELUM, Blume. 1. M. pubescens, Blume, Bijd. p. 138?.—c.r. 188.
Aurantiacee.) CEYLON PLANTS. — ae
Has. Very common in the hotter parts of the island, up to an ele- vation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Wal-karapinchee-gass.”
This is a very variable plant in the size and shapé of its leaves, which are always very oblique at the base. The small-leaved state bears very considerable resem- blance to Bergera.Kenigii. There seems to me to be scarcely sufficient grounds for excluding the present species from the genus Cookia. :
8. CLAUSENA, Burm. : Ne
1. C. Willdenovii, W. et A. Prod. i. 96, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 339.—c.P. 1204, Has. Hot, drier parts of the island.
Foliorum juniorum rachis, cum foliolorum petiolulis, costulis marginibusque superne puberula.
2. GC. pubescens, W. et A., |. c.—o.P. 2546.
Has. Near Hanguranketty, at an elevation of about 3000 feet; not common.
I suspect that this and the preceding will prove to be but varieties of one species, for I can discover no character of any importance to distinguish them except the dense pubescence upon the ramuli and under surface of the leaves of the present one.
s
9. PARAMIGNYA, Wight.
1. P. monophylla, Wight, Tlust. p. 108. t. 42.—c.P, 1201, 1202. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “‘ Wallangereya.” : ee
10. Gen. Nov. ARTHROMISCHUS, Thw.
Calyx brevis, 4-dentatus. Corolle petala 4, oblonga. Stamina 8, — equalia ; flamentis medio dilatatis ; antheris oblongis. _ Ovariwm gynophoro conspicuo suffultum, 4-loculare ; Joculés 1-ovulatis. Ovula pendula. Stylus longus, cylindricus. Stigma dilatatum. | Fructus 1-4-spermus.
1. A. armatus, Thw.—c.P. 1197, 3115. oe ;
Has. Hotter parts of the island, at no great elevation ; not common.
Frutex scandens, spinis rectis vel apice curvatis armatus. Ramule glabri vel minute puberuli, Folia 1-foliolata, petiolo 2-4 lin. longo ; foliolo ovato- vel oblongo-acuminato, basi rotundato, 13-3} poll. longo, 7-15 lin. lato; petiolulo 1 lin. Yongo. Fasciculi axillares, 1-8-flori, pedicellis 8-4 lin. longis. Pefa/a 2 lin.
longa. ~ Ovarium subsphericum, gynophoro rotundato gequilongo subzequilato
suffultum. Fructus pulposus, rotundatus, flavescens, 4-8 lin. in diam. * . This plant differs from Zuvunga in the greater number of cells to the ovary, and
these being one-ovuled; from Paramignya its jointed leaf-stalk, small calyx, and one-ovuled loculi distinguish it, whilst from Atalantia it is separated by its scandent
_ habit, free filaments, and stalked ovary.
11. LUVUNGA, Ham.
Ac es scandens, Ham. (Wight, Tilust. i. 108.)—Limonia scandens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 380.—c.P. 1195. ! Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet.
48 ENUMERATION OF [ Guttifere.
In all the specimens of this plant I have examined, the filaments were free to their very base, even in the unexpanded flowers, and the species appears to be somewhat dicecious, as in some plants the ovaries of all the flowers are entirely without ovules. :
If Roxburgh did not make a mistake in his description of this plant, it will be’ necessary to call the Ceylon Lavunga in this ‘ Enumeration,’ LZ. eleutherandra, Dalzell, or what is the Z. Tavoyana, Wall., referred to by Wight in the Illust. i. p- 108? ©
& \. eleutherandra, Dalz. Hook. Journ. of Bot. ii. (1850) p. 258; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 184.—c.p. 1195. Peis Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet.
This species would appear to be diccious, as in some plants the ovaries of all the rato are entirely without ovules. It varies much in the shape and size of the eaves.
12, FERONIA, Corr.
_ L FP. Elephantum, Corr. (W. et A. Prod. i, 96, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 15.)—c.P. 1205. : :
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, very abundant. Nom. vulg. “ Diwool-gass.” ; 38
_ XXXVI. HYPERICACEA.
1. HYPERICUM, Lin.
1. Hf. Mysorense, Herb. Mad. (W. et A. Prod. i. 99.)—Norysea Mysorensis, Wight, Icones, t. 56.—c.P. 48. 4B. Central Province, at an elevation of 6000 to 8000 feet ; not uncommon.
2. EZ. Japonicum, Thunb. (W. et A., l.c. cum s ey 2420. : Hae. Abundant in paddy-fields and other wet p es throughout the isl an - . : Ne ¥
*
XXXVII. GUTTIFERZ,
1. GARCINIA, Lin.
1, G. Cambogia, Desrous. (DC. Prod. i. 561, cum syn.; Wight, Illust. i. 125, cum syn.)—Cambogia Gutta, Lin. (in parte), et forsan Gare. Roxburgh, Wight, 1. c. cum syn.—c.P. 1172, Lo cag
Var. a; fructu maturo flayo.
Var. 8; fructu maturo rubro. we
- Not uncommon up to an clevation of 1500 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Goraka-gass.” mh Saadeh ede , Florum fasciculi :—Masc. 3-8, pedicellati, pedicellis 7-10 lin. longis, apice parce : —— Fam. 1-2, pedicellati, pedicellis 2-5 lin. longis. Fructus 24-3 poll. in diam.
There appears to be in Ceylon but one species of Garcinia with sulcated fruit, but in all the figures and descriptions of it 1 have seen, no notice is taken of a very marked character it has, namely, that the sulci or furrows are not continued
_ to the apex, but terminate at some distance from it, the apex itself being smooth and depressed, and somewhat mamilleform.. The gum which exudes from the tree
ed
Guttifere. | CEYLON PLANTS. 49
is semitransparent, very adhesive, and is insoluble in water, and therefore quite unsuitable for the purposes of the draughtsman. The Cinghalese dry the acid rinds of the ripe fruit, both the yellow and red varieties, and use them as a condiment for ‘eating with their curries. :
2. G. echinocarpa, Thw. (Hook. Journ of Bot. vol. vi. (1854) p. 71.)
Var. a; foliis oblongis vel lanceolatis, acuminatis.—c.P. 2445.
Var. 8; foliis valde coriaceis, obovatis vel oblongis, retusis vel acu- mine brevi obtuso ; floribus majoribus.—o.P. 335.
Has. Var. a, in the forests between Ratnapoora and Galle, at no great elevation. Var. 8, in the Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 feet; common. Nom. vulg. ‘‘ Madol-gass.”
_ Flores terminales, sessiles: MASC. numerosi, aggregati; Fa@M. solitarii. Ova- rium squamis carnosis numerosis imbricatis tectum. Fructus subsphericus, echinulato-muricatus. -
A thick oil is extracted from the seeds, which is used by the Cinghalese for burning in their lamps, but it gives a very indifferent light. . :
_3. G. Morella, Desrous.—Hebradendron cambogioides, Graham, in
. Hook. Comp. to Bot. Mag. vol. ii. p. 199. t. 27, cum syn. Garcinia Gutta, Wight, Ilust. i. 126. Cambogia Gutta, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. p. 87, in parte.—c.p. 322. - ‘
4B. Warmer .parts of the island, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Gokatoo-gass,” ‘‘ Kana-goraka-gass.”
Fam. Ovarium glabrum, apice stigmate sessili imbticatim’ lobato tectum ; basi staminibus sterilibus circiter 12, 1-serialibus, basi coheerentibus cinctum; axtheris effcetis, subquadratis, apice emarginatis. : ;
This is the only speciés growing in Ceylon from which gamboge is obtainable, and ne tree is not uncommon, the pigment might be collected in considerable quantities. 3
2. TERPNOPHYLLUM, ‘Thw.
Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. vi. (1854) p. 70. ? Discostigma, Hassk. (Endl. Gen. Plant. Suppl. iii. p. 95.)
Flores dioici. Calyx 4-phyllus, deciduus. Masc. Stamina plurima in diseam mamillatum 2- vel 4-lobatum subtus petalis adheerentem coalita ; mamillis singulis, antheras 2-4, loculis horizontalibus subimmersis gerentibus ; ovarii rudimento minuto. Fem. Ovarium biloculare, staminibus sterilibus paucis squameeformibus cinetum.
1, T. Zeylanicum, Thw.l.c.t.2. — ;
: Var. a. lanceolatum ; foliis lanceolatis ; disco stamineo 2-lobato, lobis bifidis, medio suleatis.—c.p. 2695. : EES Soap tt
Var. 8. acuminatum ; foliis lanceolatis, obtuse rostrato-acuminatis ; diseo stamineo 4-lobato.—c.P. 3400.
Has. Var. a, Central Province, at an elevation of 2000 to 4000 feat.
Var. 8, in forests between Ratnapoora and Galle, at no great elevation. The Garcinia Merguensis, Wight, Tcoves, t- 116, will probably prove to be a Species of this genus. .
3. XANTHOCHYMUS, Roxb.
__ 1. &. ovalifolius, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. p. 632; W. et A. Prod. i. 102 pa syn. a Burm. Fl. Ind. et Fl. Zeyl.).—? X. spicatus, W. et A., ac%
: H
oe _ceolatis, ete., Fl. Zeyl. ni.
., ee ENUMERATION OF. - [Guttifere.
Var. a ; foliis ovatis, apice rotundatis vel retusis.—c.p. 1173.
Var. 8 ; foliis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, plus minus acuminatis. —c.P. 731 (743, 755).
Has. Var. a, hot, drier parts of the island. Var. 8, Central Pro- vince, up to an elevation of 3000 feet; abundant. Nom. vulg. ‘ Ella- gokatoo-gass.” : :
A most variable species, both as to the shape of the leaves and length of ‘the peduncles and pedicels. Although the extreme forms of vars, a and B look very dissimilar, Iam unable to find any constant character by which to separate them. A tenacious gummy matter exudes from the trunk, but it is of no value»
4. MESUA, Linn.
1. M. ferrea, Linn. Sp. 734; DC. Prod. i. 562; Wight, Tll. i. 127; Icones, t. 118.—™. WNagaha, Gard. in Cale. Journ. of Nat. Hist, vol. viii. p. 4. Arbor Naghas, Burm. Zeyl. p. 25. Mesua foliis lan-
303, Nagassarium, Rumph. Amb. vii. 3. t. 2. —0-P. 602. aS
Var. a; foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis.
Var. 8; foliis lineari-lanceolatis. i -* Has. Vars. a and 8, common about Galagama, es cially the latter, Var. a occurs very oul in the neighbourhood of temples as one.
of the favourite trees pldnted for ornament. N om. vulg. “ Na-gass.”
Dr. Gardner has given, in the work quoted above, a very full description of the _ |
ordinary form of this species. The natives express an oil from the seeds for burn- ing. The wood is very hard and durable.
2. M. speciosa, Chois. in DC. Prodr. i. 562.; Rheede, Hort. Malab. iii, 63. t. 53. ? Wight, Icones, t. 961.—c.p- 2675. -
Var. 8; foliis multo minoribus.—c.P. 603.
Has. Banks of streams, in the Ratnapoora ‘District. Nom: vulg. “ Deya-na-gass.” :
The figure in Hort. Mal., quoted above, and from which M. Choisy appears to have derived his character of the species, is a very fair representation of the usual form of this plant, which differs from the preceding in its much larger leaves, most commonly rounded at the base, its sessile’or subsessile flowers, and larger fruit. .
3. M. Coromandelina, Wight, Icones, t. 117; Ilust, i. 127.— c.P. 3404, ae 2
Has. Forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, at no great elevation. * Dr. Wight’s figure in the ‘Icones’ well represents this plant, which is distin-
rounded, and in these being without the white coating on the under side, so con- — ' spicnous in the other two species, and in its much smaller flowers on longer pedicels.
2
Capsula rotundata, coriacea, irregulariter fissa, 1-4-sperma, ealyce multum aucto coriaceo inclusa. Semina cotyledonibus distinetis, car-
ae K. stylosa, Thw ; Soliis ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis.—c.P.
Guttifere.\ CEYLON PLANTS. 51
Arbor magna. Ramuli teretes, glabri, rufescentes. Folza 2-3 poll. longa, 7-10 lin. lata, subtus minutissime reticulata, petiofo 2-3 lin. longo. Stylus staminibus numerosis multum longior. : This differs from Kayea floribunda of Wallich’s Pl. Asiat. Rarior. vol. iii. p. 5. t. 210, in its much smaller and differently-shaped leaves, and long, protruded style. The flowers are very fragrant. The timber is useful for building purposes.
. 6. CALOPHYLLUM, Linn. Nom. vulg. ‘f Keena-gass,” ‘“ Walloo-keena-gass.’
” Sect. 1. Sepala 4. Petala 8.
1, ©. Walkerii, Wight, Illust. i. 128. t. 45.—c.p. 1170.
Has. Newera Ellia, Adam’s Peak, and other of the most elevated parts of the island. _ An oil is extracted from the seeds of this and the other species of the genus, which is used for burning.
Sect. 2. Sepala 4. Petala 4. + Racemi folia equantes vel longiores. :
2. C. decipiens, Wight, Illust. i. 128; Icones, t. 106.—c.P. 3403.
Var. a; foliis obovato-oblongis, basi rotundatis.
Var. 8; foliis cordato-orbiculatis. re : :
Has. Var. a, Ambagamowa District. Var, 8, Hinidoon Corle, at an elevation of 1000 to 2000 feet.
The leaves of this plant vary much in shape, and the foliage often strongly resembles that of the preceding. In very young plants (c.p. 3401) of what I believe to be this species, the leaves are lanceolate or cordate-lanceolate.:
3. C. trapezifolium, Thw.; foliis coriaceis, parvis, ovato-trape- z0ideis, obtuse et breve acuminatis vel retusis; racemis folio multum longioribus ; floribus majusculis.—c.P. 2446. e ?
Has. Hunasgiria District, in the Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 5000 feet. 3
Arbor magna. Ramuli glabri. Folia 13-2 poll. longa, 7-11 lin. lata, petiolo
3-4 lin. longo. Fructus subspheericus, 8 lin. longus, 7 lin. latus. 3 4, C. cuneifolium, Thw; foliis parvis, cuneato-spathulatis, obtuse vi-acuminatis vel retusis, coriaceis.—c.P. 2917. Has. Madamahanewera, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet. Arbor magna. Ramuli glabri. Folia 11-14 poll. longa, 5-9 lin. lata, petiolo . 3-4 lin. longo. _ Flores mediocres. Fructus sphericus, 8 lin. in diam. -
Ae Bi? _ $+ Racemi foliis breviores. : oo _ 5, ©. Inophyllum, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 103 ; Wight, Illust. i. 128 ; Teones, t. 77.)—c.P. 2764. rs Ete: Has. Hotter parts $f the island, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg..“‘ Domba-gass.” ’ 6. CG. tomentosum, Wight, Illust. i. 128; Tcones, t. 110.—e.r. 1171. Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet ; com- mon. : '- The timber of this abundant tree is valued for building purposes, and the seeds are collected in considerable quantities for the sake of the oil they contain, which is ~valled “ Keena-tel.” é
| 7. ©. bracteatum, Thw.; foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, a medio
2
bel
62 _ ENUMERATION OF | Hippocrateacea.
versus basin subrotundatam sensim angustatis; racemis conspicue bracteatis, tomentosis.—c.P. 2674. i
Has. Saffragam District, by the sides of streams, at no great eleva- tion. - :
Arbor ingens. Ramuli quadranguli, penduli, tomento ferrugineo caduco vestiti. Folia 33-8 poll. longa, 1-24 lata; petiolo 2-4 lin. longo; junora tomento fugaci pilosa.” Racemi foliis multo breviores, 4—8-flori. Pedicelli basi 1-bracteati, dracteis oblongis, tomentosis, 2-3 lin. longis. Flores 4 lin. in expans. Fructus immaturus oblongus.
The bracteated racemes, much smaller flowers, and oblong fruit, abundantly dis- tinguish this from the preceding species. -
Sect. 3. Sepala 4. Petala 0. Apoterium, Blume, Bijdr. p. 218. 8. C. Moonii, Wight, Illust. i. 129; Icones, t. 111.—c.P. 3402.
Has. Forests in the district between Galle and Ratnapoora ; not un- common. Nom. vulg. ‘“ Domba-keena-gass.”
Arbor magna. Ramuli juniores tomento ferrugineo fugaci vestiti. Fructus’ spheericus. o
9. ©. Burmanni, Wight, Illust. i. 129; Icones, t. 107, 108 ; Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 60.—c.p. 242, 2447. ‘
Has. Hotter parts of the island, at no great elevation.
Fructus subsphericus, rufo-brunneus, } poll. in diam,
XXXVIII. HIPPOCRATEACEA.
1, HIPPOCRATEA, Linn.
1, Hi. Indica, Willd. (W. et A. Prod. i. 104, cum syn.)—c.P. 1164. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island; not uncommon. f 2. HL. obtusifolia, Roxb. (W. et A., l/c. cum syn.; Wight, Icon. t. 963.)—o.P. 3158. | : Has. South of the island. Nom. vulg. “ Deyakirindi-wel.”
2. KOKOONA, Thw. Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. v, (1858) p. 379.
Stamina 5, petalis alterna; Jilamentis subulatis, disco magno an- nulari expanso singulatim insertis. Ovarium semi-immersum, 3-locu- lare ; Joculis 4-12-ovulatis. Ovula erecta. ,Capsula triangularis, loculicide dehiscens, valvis 3, lignosis. Semina imbricata, longe alata,
1. K. Zeylanica, Thw. |. c. t. 6.—c.p. 2584. “ .
Has. Not uncommon on the banks of streams in the Saffragam and Ambagamowa Districts, at an elevation of 2000 to 4000 feet. Nom.
vulg. ‘‘ Kokoon-gass,” ~ a _ The inner yellow bark of this tree is employed by the natives medicinally as a hasrepean and an oil is expressed from the seeds, which is used for burning in
ne ai
Evrythroxylee. | CEYLON PLANTS. 53
3. SALACTA, Linn.
1. S. oblonga, Wall. (W. et A. Prod. i. 106, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 97 ; Illust. t. 47 B.)—c.v. 1061, 3148. :
Has. Common in the hot, drier parts of the island.
2. S. reticulata, Wight, Ilust. i, 134.—c.P. 658.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 1000 to 3000 feet. Nom, vulg. ‘* Himbootoo-wel.”
The natives eat the pulp of the ripe, rather large, spherical fruit.
3. S. prinoides, DC. (W. et A. Prod. i. 105; Wight, Icones, t. 321.) —c.P. 1165. :
Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. * Heen-himbootoo-wel.” :
4. S. diandra, Thw.; foliis integris, ovatis, obtuse acuminatis, basi angustatis, brevi-petiolatis, subtus nitidis, delicatule reticulatis ; floribus tetrameris, diandris.—c.p. 2720.
Has. Central Province and Saffragam District, up to an elevation of - 2000 feet; not common. ;
- Frutex scandens, siccitate nigrescens. Folia 2-43 poll. longa, 1-14 lata; petiolo 1-2 lin. longo. Flores axillares, solitarii ; pedicello petiolo equilongo. Petala rotundata, unguiculata, in anthesi horizontalia, lateribus reflexis ; calycis segmentis triangularibus multo longioribus. -Staminum filamenta brevia; anthere extrorse,
as subsphiericis, horizontaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium biloculare, loculis bi- ovulatis. ary
XXXIX. MALPIGHIACE.
,
1. HIPTAGE, Gaertn.
1. H. Madablota, Gertn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 107, cum syn.; Wight, Illust. i. 189. t. 50.)—c.2. 659.
Has. Common up to an elevation of 3000 feet.
2. Hi. parvifolia, W. et A., 1. c.—c.P. 1166, 1167.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, Gardner.
Platynema laurifolium, W. et A., described as from Ceylon, is probably cultivated there only. Specimens in Hook. Herb. are from Sincapore, but it may not be wild there. ‘, :
XL. ERYTHROXYLE.
1. SETHIA, Kunth.
_ 1, 8. Indica, DC. (W. et A. Prod. i. 106, eum syn.; Wight, Ilust. > 1, 186. t. 48.)—c.p. 1168. : Has. Hot, drier parts of the island. - : Mr. Ondaatze informs me that* an empyreumatic oil or wood-tar, used for pre- serving the wood employed in the construction of native boats, is obtained from the wood of this tree.
54 SVs ENUMERATION OF [ Sapindacee.
2. S. lanceolata, Wight, Illust. i. 136; foliis lanceolatis vel lineari- lanceolatis, obtunia, —c.P. 493.
Has. On the banks of streams, Galagama, at an elevation of 2000 to 3000 feet.
Frutex erectus, ramosus. Folia 2-33 poll. longa, 3-1 poll. lata; petiolo 14-24 ~ Tin. longo.
This is, as truly observed by Dr. Wight, very closely allied to the next species ; but, in addition to the difference in their shape, the under side of the leaves of the present plant is less shining, and the large areolxe formed by the inosculation of the
* primary veins approach nearer to the margin than they do in S. obtusifolia. If
these are, as Dr. Wight suggests, to be considered only varieties of one species, 8. acuminata would also have to be joined with them, and perhaps this would best express their real character, om I can hardly venture to. unite them without . further investigation. - og
3. S. obtusifolia; foliis ovato-lanceolatis,. ellipticis vel obovatis, apice obtuse brevi-acuminatis vel rotundatis, basi plus minus angustatis vel agers
tylosa; staminibus alternis lo ioribus, stylo brevioribus.—S. iiereel ata,.var. B obtusifolia, Wight, Ilust. i. 136.—c.P. 2613.
b. staminea; staminibus aequalibus, stylo longioribus.—S. erythroxy- loides, Wight, 32 C.—C.P. 25.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 2000 to 4000 feet.
Folia 13-34 poll. longa, 3-12 lata ; petiolo 2-32 lin. longo.
Until I found the same peculiarity existing in the next species, I considered, with Dr. Wight, that the different states indicated above under the letters a and 4 were distinct species: I am now disposed to look upon them rather as the foreshadowing of a dioicous character, though fruit is produced apparently in equal — upon the plants of either state.
4, S. acuminata, Arn. Pug. p. 6 (324) ; —— Tilust. i. 135.— Erythroxylon lucidum, Moon's Cat.—c.p. 222 es 8; foliis minoribus, longius acuminatis ; ; petiolo breviori.—c.P. a. stylosa ; staminibus alternis longioribus, stylo brevioribus. db. staminea ; staminibus equalibus, stylo longioribus. Has. Ambag mowa and Saffragam Districts, at an elevation of 1 1000 ~ to 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Batta-kerilla-gass.”
The smaller and much acuminated leaves, and the more acute segments of the calyx, seem alone to distinguish this from the preceding species.
The Cinghalese attach much value to this plant as an anthelmintic for children, giving the juice expressed from the fresh leaves.
es XLI. SAPINDACEZ. 1, CARDIOSPERMUM, Linn.
; “4 I. e
-
1. ©. Halicacabum, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 109, cum syn.)—c.P. Has. Very abundant in the warmer epee of the island. Nom. vulg. s aira-wel.” -
It is probable that C. canescens, Wall, occurs also in the island, but I have never yet met with it.
*
Sapindacee. | CEYLON PLANTS. . 55
2. SCHMIDELIA, Lin.
1, S. Cobbe, DC. Prod. i. 610, cum syn.; Wight, Icon. t. 964, 2; W. et A. Prod. i. 110, eum syn.—c.r. 1156. ' Has. Very abundant up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. * Cobbai-gass.” 2. S. villosa, Wight, Icon. t. 401.—? 8. Rheedii, Wight, Ic. t. 964. —c.P. 3549. Sis ; a - Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet. : T suspect that this will prove to be but a variety of the preceding species, from which it seems scarcely to differ except in being much more hairy.
3. S. allophylla, DC. Prod. i. 611, cum syn.; foliis lanceolatis vel _ ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, glabris, integris vel versus apicem grosse dentatis, basi angustatis. :
Var. a; racemis brevibus, hispidis ; bracteolis confertis.—c.P. 2679. S. allophylia, Arn. Pug. 8 (326). Se ee .
ar. 8; racemis elongatis, minute pilosis, florum fasciculis sparsis ; bracteolis inconspicuis.—c.P. 562. oe
Has. Var. a, Ambagamowa and Hinidoon Districts, up to an eleva- tion of 3000 feet. Var. 8, Central Province, at an elevation of 2000 to 5000 feet.
Arbor parva. Folia 4-10 poll. longa, 13-84 poll. lata; petiolo 4-1 poll. longo. Flores parvi; petalis longe unguiculatis ; sguamulis villosis, lamina «equilongis. -
_ Bacce rotundate, rubre.
4, S. hispida, Thw.; ramulis hispidis ; foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel parce angustatis, glabris, margine costa venis pri- Mariisque utrinque cum petiolo longo hispidis ; racemis brevissimis ; Jloribus confertis.—c.r. 3294.
. Has. Ambagamowa District, at an elevation of 1000 to 2000 feet.
Arbor parva. Folia 5-14 poll. longa, 2-5 poll. lata; petiolo 3-2 poll. longo. Petala unguiculata ; squamuiis longe villosis, lamina brevioribus. ?
5. S. acuminata, Thw.; jfoliis ovatis, obtuse rostrato-acuminatis, glabris ; racemis elongatulis, subglabris, sparsifloris.—c.P. 3001.
B. Galagama, on the banks éf streams, at an elevation of 2000 to 3000 feet. ig)
Arbor parva. Ramuli teretes, glabri. Folia 24-44 poll. longa, 1-2 poll. lata;
petiolo 4-7 lin. longo. Petalorum squamule densissime villosee, lamina aequilonge.
3. SAPINDUS, Linn.
"1, 8. laurifolius, Vahl, (Wight et Arn. Prod. i. 111, cum syn.)—.
CP, 2545. ae ~ Haz. Southern and central parts of the island, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. sbi
_ The specimens in this Herbarium have the leaves tomentose underneath, and the
petals, which are hairy over their entire inner surface, have two hairy glandular
appendages, as in the following species. ;
2. S. emarginatus,. Vahl, (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.; Wight, Ilust. i.
141. t. 51.)—c,p. 1151. ; s ‘Has. Hot, drier parts of the island. - Nom. vulg. “ Penella-gass. ‘My specimens have the under side of the leaves quite glabrous, so that it would
——. ' ENUMERATION OF [ Sapindacee.
appear that this and the foregoing species vary in having their leaves either glabrous or hairy beneath.
3. S. unijugus, Thw.; foliis bifoliolatis, glabris ; petiolo tereti, basi tumido; foliolis lanceolatis, reticulatis, obtuse acuminatis, brevi-pe- tiolulatis ; racemis simplicibus vel ramosis, subterminalibus, oppositi- foliis, minute pilosis.—c.pP. 2465.
Has. Hewahette District, at-an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet.
Arbor magna. Folia siccitate nigrescentia; petiolo 7-12 lin. longo; foliolis 3-5 poll. longis, 14-2 poll. latis; petiolu/o tumido 2-3 lin. longo. Calycis seg- menta acuta. Stamina 8. Ovarium hirsutulum, 3-loculare; stigmate sessili, 8-radiato. Bacca 1-3-sperma, 3-14 poll. in diam., subrotundata.
The specimens I have obtained of this plant do not enable me to give so full a description of the flower and fruit as I could wish. In appearance it a good deal resembles Nephelium bifoliolatum of this work, but. the structure of the fruit is very different.
. 4. HEMIGYROSA, Blume. Rumphia, vol. iii. p. 165. Walpers, Aun. vol. ii. p. 212.
1. H. trichocarpa, Thw.; /o/iis abrupte pinnatis, subglabris ; foliolis suboppositis, 2-4-jugis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, integris ; racemis to- mentosis, plus minus ramosis ; bracteolis subulatis, curvatis, pedécellis longioribus. ‘
Var. 8; foliis minoribus, angustioribus.—c.P. 607.
Has. Var. a, Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. - Var. 8, hot, drier parts of the island.
Arbor mediocris. Petala 4 (uno deficiente). Ovarium hirsutum, trigonum ; stylo brevi. Fructis. hirsutus, indehiscens, trigonus, trilocularis ; pericarpio sub- lignoso, interne piloso. Semina oblonga; testa membranacea ; cotyledonibus car- ~ nosis, «equalibus, incumbentibus ; radicula parva, ab hilo distante.
2. Hi. canescens, Thw.—Cupania canescens, W. et A. Prod. i. 113. _Molinea canescens, Roxb. Cor. i. 43. t. 60; foliis oyato-lanceolatis, glabris, subtus fuscescentibus; racemis plus minus ramosis, minute tomentosis ; bracteolis minutis, triangularibus, pedicellis brevioribus. —C.P. 3508.
_ Has. Lower Badulla Road from Kandy, at no great elevation.
This plant is so closely allied to the preceding that I suspect there must be some mistake in its having been described with dehis¢ent fruit and arillate seeds. The apparent arillus in Roxburgh’s figure is, I believe, the hairy coating of the inside of the pericarp. The fruit in my specimens is very immature. I find the fifth (small)
sometimes present, a8 figured by Roxburgh. _ :
5. HARPULLIA, Roxb. o Otonychium, Blume. Streptostigma, Thw. oa
1. H. imbricata.—Otonychium imbricatum, Bl. Rumphia, iii. 180; uaper. Ann. ii. 213. Streptostigma viridiflorum, Thw. in Hook. Journ. — of Bot. vol. vi. (1854) p. 298. t.94.. ? Harpullia cupanioides, Roxb. Fi. Ind, ii. p. 442.—c.p. 605, 736. : : ;
Has. Central Province; not uncommon, up to an elevation of 3000
This must be closely allied to, if not identical with, Roxburgh’s Harpullia cupaniodes, but, if that eminent botanists description be correct, the Ceylon plant
‘Sapindacee. | CEYLON PLANTS, 57
differs from his in having most frequently two instead of one seed in each loculus of . the seed-vessel ; the seeds of a different colour and shape, and with an aril very minute, instead of reaching nearly to their apex: the position of the radicle would also appear to be differeut. The peculiar twisted character of the stigma, so evident in the Ceylon plant, would scarcely have been left unnoticed by Roxburgh and Wallich had it been present in the species described by them, which on the other hand is said to have a bifid style.
6. NEPHELIUM, Linn. :
+ Petala appendiculata.
1. N. erectum, Thw.; jfoliis majusculis, abrupte conte Soliolis 3-4-jugis, suboppositis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, integris, glabris, reti- tis; paniculis terminalibus, multifloris, foliis multo brevioribus ; fructibus 1-3- raro 4-lobis, minute tomentosis, lobis oblougis.—c.P. 1150 (in parte).
Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. .
Frutex erectus, non vel parce ramosus, 6-10-pedalis. Foliorwm rachis striata, - 10-14 poll. longa ; foliolis 6-10 poll. longis, 2-34 latis, brevi-petiolatis. Mores 5-meri. Calycis segmenta rotundata. Petala late unguiculata, medio squamata ; lamina rotundata, reflexa, levi, margine involuta; sguama erecta, bifida, villosa. Discus annuliformis, levis. Stamina 8. Stylus brevissimus. Stigma minutum, 3-lobum. Fructus carnosus, luteus ; Jodzs circiter 1 poll. longis. Semina ovoidea, arillo carnoso hyalino integro inclusa; ¢esta membranacea, rufa; cotyledonibus crassis, incumbentibus.
2. N. simplicifolium, Thw. ; foliis integris, cuneato-lanceolatis, acu- minatis, levibus, membranaceis, reticulatis; paniculis brevibus, sub- terminalibus, minutissime tomentosis.—c.P. 443.
Has. South of the island, at no great elevation ; rare.
Frutez erectus, 6-10-pedalis, parce ramosus. Folia 8-12 poll. longa, 23-4 poll. lata; petiolo 4-2 poll. longo. Flores 5-meri. Calycis segmenta rotundata. Petala exunguiculata, rotundata, ciliata, basi sgwamuda parva villosa munita. Discus re- gularis, levis. Stamina 8, ovarii radimentum 3-lobatum cingentia.
Until the fruit of this species, is known, there must remain some little doubt as 3 whether it is a true Nephelium. I have as yet seen only very young male flowers of it. *
3. N. bifoliolatum, Thw.; foliolis unijugis, integris, lanceolatis, _ -obtusiusculis, basi angustatis, glabris; paniculis terminalibus, foliis eters vel longioribus.—c.pP. 1721. ae fia
. Lower Badulla Road from Kandy, at no great elevation.
(Flor. Aprili.) Arbor mediocris, 20-30-pedalis, ramosissima. Folio/a superne nitida, reticulata,
_ subtus opaca, fuscescentia, 3-5 poll. longa, $-14 poll. lata, petiolulo 2-3 lin, longo, petiolum 4-1 poll. longum terminalatia. Panicule pilosule. Flores 5-meri. Calycis :
Segmenta rotundata, glabra, ciliata. Petala parce longiora, oblonga, glabra, ciliata,
- abrupte brevi-unguiculata, basi sguamula parva rotundata longe ciliata munita,
; carnosus, crenulatus, Stamina sepissime 7: masc. filamentis linearibus, petala squantibus, basi pilosis; fam. brevibus, ovarium glabrum bilobum cingen- tibus. StyZus linearis. Stigma minutum, obscure bilobum.
4. NM. eximium.— Eccremanthus eximius, Thw. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. vii. p. 272. t. 9; foliis magnis, abrupte pinnatis, subsessilibus ; Soliolis 5-13-jugis, oblongo-lanceolatis, serratis, subsessilibus, subtus hirsutulis, pare inferiore minore, obliquo, curvato, seepe deciduo ; pani-
I
58 ENUMERATION OF . [ Sapindacee.
culis tomentosis, ramis elongatis, pendulis, multifloris, cylindricis ; floribus minutis.—c.P. 1153.
' Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 1000 to 2000 feet. (Flor. Maio; fruct. Julio.)
Arbor magna, 40-60-pedalis. Ramuli juniores rufo-hirsuti. Flores 5-meri. Calycis segmenta brevia, subacuta. Peta/a minuta, transverse oblonga, exunguicu- lata, sguama adnata subsequilonga margine dense villosa munita. Dzscus carnosus, rufescens. Stamina 5, petalis multo longiora. Ovarium bilobum, hirsutulum ; stylo lineari ; stigmate minuto, bilobo. Fructus carnosus, subglaber, seepissime l-lobus. Semen oblongum, aril/o hyalino fere tectum, hilo magno obliquo ; testa
rufa. * ++ Petala exappendiculata.
5. N. Longanum, Camb. (W. et A. Prod.i. 113, cum syn.)—W. Mora, Gardner, MSS. Dimocarpus pupilla, Moon’s Cat. p. 31.—c.p. 1152.
Has. Abundant up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “* Mora-gass.”’
-Ramuli, cum partibus aliis junioribus, tomento stellari rufescente vestiti. Fructus immaturus tuberculatus, stellari-tomentosus, demum glaber, levis; ari//o plus minus copioso.
The Cinghalese eat the fleshy aril of the fruit of this tree, and the wood is useful for building purposes.
6. N. Gardneri, Thw.; foliis abrupte pinnatis, subglabris ; foliolis 2-3-jugis, lanceolatis, grosse et obtuse dentatis, brevi-petiolulatis, subtus glaucis.—c.p. 1154.
- Has. Putlam, Gardner. : Preecedenti valde similis affinisque, sed foliis dentatis, sepalis petalisque acutioribus, et pubescentia vix stellari satis distincta videtur.
+tt Petala nulla.
7. N. fuscatum, Thw.; foliis abrupte pinnatis, glabris ; foliolis 2-jugis, lanceolatis, obtusis vel retusis, basi cuneatis, reticulatis, brevi- “oe rek 3 racemis terminalibus, minute fusco-pilosis, ramosis; ramis
ensifloris, spiceeformibus.—c.P. 2577.
Has. Putlam, Gardner.
Foliola 3-4 poll. longa, $-14 poll. lata. Flores minuti. Calycis segmenta acuta. Discus complanatus, crenatus. Stamina 8-10, glabra. Bigs
T have not seen the fertile flowers or fruit of this plant.
7. SCHLEICHERA, Willd.
1. S. trijuga, Willd. (W. et A. Prod. i. 114, cum syn.)—c.p. 1155. Has. Common in the warmer parts of the island, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Céng-gass.” ros
The Cinghalese express an oil from the seeds of this tree, which they use for — burning, and a considerable quantity of lac is often produced upon the young branches:
8. PTERIDOPHYLLUM, Thw. Hook. Journ. of Bot. yol. vi. (1854) p. 65.
_ Flores polygamo-monoici. Stamina 5, disco intas complanato crenato— inserta.. Ovariwm rotundatum, biloculare. Ovula in loculis solitaria,
Meliacee. | CEYLON PLANTS. 59
endula, anatropa. Stylus linearis. Stigma minutum, bilobum. Fructus paceus, sepissime l-spermus ; putamine membranaceo. Semen ex- arillatum ; testa membranacea ; cotyledonibus foliaceis, plicatis ; radicula dorsali, hilo fere attingente. 2 1. P. decipiens, Thw. l.c. t. 1 B.— Rhus decipiens, W. et A. Prod.i. 172; Wight, Illust. i. 186: t. 75.—c.P, 536. Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Pehimbia-gass.” (Flor. Jan.; fruct. Mar.) The wood of this very ornamental tree is useful for building purposes.
9, DODONZBA, Linn. e
1. D. Burmanniana, DC. (W. et A. Prod. i, 114, cum syn. ; Wight, + Tiust. i. 142. t. 52.)—c.p. 1158. Haz. Central Province, up to an elevation of 7000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Attawarella-gass.”’ -
10. MELIOSMA, Blume. Millingtonia, Roxb., W. et A.
1. M. pungens, Walp. Rep. i. 423.—Millingtonia pungens, Wall. ; W. et A. Prod. i. 115, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 964/3.—c.P. 300
580).
Ha. Central Province, at an elevation of 5000 to 7000 feet.
Folia subintegra vel distanter serrulata, superne, costa venis primariisque exceptis, glabra (juniora sparse pilosa), subtus plus minus hirsuta.
9. M. simplicifolia, Walp. 1. c.—Millingtonia simplicifolia, Roxb. ; W. et A., lc. cum syn.—c.P. 703.
Has. Abundant up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg.
“ Albadda-gass,” “ Rawaniddala-gass.” :
3. M. Arnottiana, Walp. 1. c.—Millingtonia Arnottiana, Wight, Ilust. i. 144. t. 53.—c.P. 293. :
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 7000 feet.
XLII. MELIACE.
1. MUNRONIA, Wight.
1. M. pumila, Wight, Icones, t. 91.—c.P. Ly ee
Has. Not uncommon in the warmer parts of the island. Nom. vulg. * Bin-kohomba-gass.” en d
This is much valued by the Cinghalese as a medicinal plant.
9. MELIA, Linn. 1. M. composita, Willd. (W. et A. Prod. i. 117, cum syn.)—c.P. 699. Has. South of the island. Nom. vulg. “ Loonoomidella-gass. 3. AZADIRACHTA, Adr. Juss.
"1. A. Indica, Adr. Juss. (W. et A., 1.c. 118, cum syn. ; Wight, Icon. 396.)—c.P. 1159.
60 ENUMERATION OF [ Meliacee.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, at no great elevation. Nom. vulg. ‘ Kohémba-gass.” :
The juice of the leaves of this plant is employed as an anthelmintic for cattle.
4. MALLEA, Adr. Juss.
1. M. Rothii, Adr. Juss. (W. et A., Lc. cum syn.)—c.p. 496. Has. Very abundant, up to an elevation of 2000 feet.
5. MILNEA, Roxb.
1. M. Roxburghiana, W. et A. Prod. i. 119; Wight, Icon. t. 166.
—c.P. 1148. - Has. Common in the Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 — feet.
This and the next species are polygamo-dioicous, the barren flowers being smaller and in larger panicles than the fertile ones. ess
__ 2, M. apiocarpa, Thw.; jfoliis imparipinnatis, foliolis 5-9, ovatis, obtuse acuminatis, basi cuneatis; jwnioribus subtus spadiceo-furfuraceis; ' floribus pedicellis brevioribus ; fructibus pyriformibus.—c.P. 405, 2448. Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 6000 feet. Arbor parva. Ramuli juniores spadiceo-furfuracei. Petala externe furfuracea. Cotyledones singulze in duas partes plus minus ineequales fere ad basin divise. _ Closely allied to the preceding, but differing in. its larger and more furfuraceous leaves and flowers. In the present species the flowers are shorter than their pedicels, . whereas in I. Roxburghiana they are longer.
6. AMOORA, Roxb.
1. A. Rohituka, W. et A. Prod. i. 119—c.p. 558, 2479.
Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Hingool-gass.”
Fructus subglobosus, rufescens, 1-14 poll. in diam., basi parum attenuatus. Semina — oblonga, brunnea, aril/o coccineo vestita.
7, DYSOXYLON, Blume.
1. D. macrocarpum, Blume, Bijdr. p. 175.—Guarea binectarifera, Roxb. Cat. ? Amoora ficiformis, Wight, Illust. i. 147.—c.p, 2637 oe in parte).
ar. 8 ; foliis minoribus, angustioribus.
Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Var. B. _Batticaloa, Gardner. :
Arbor ingens. Foliola 5-8 poll. longa, 14-3 poll. lata, petiolulo 4 lin. longo. Panicula supra-axillares, 3-5 poll. Waa, mised noe t tose, bros: floree ; pedicellis articulatis. Flores pallide virides, octandri, circiter 3 lin. longi. Calyx cupuliformis, 4-emarginulatus. Petala reflexa, acuta, externe minute tomen- tosa. Tubus stamineus 4-gonus, dentibus 8, obtusis, bifidis. Tubus interior ovario rotundato, piloso squilongus, denticulatus. Fructus rubescens, rotundatus, 4-locu- laris, 4-spermus, circiter 23 poll. in diam., brevi-pedunculatus.
T suspect I have not seen the fertile flowers of this plant, for, judging from the
Cedrelacea.]} CEYLON PLANTS. — 61
fruit being so shortly peduncled, it would seem probable that they are on much shorter panicles or racemes.
2. D. Championii, H.f. et T. MSS. ; foliis glabris, abrupte pinnatis ; foliolis 2-3-jugis, oblongo-spathulatis, subcoriaceis, aveniis, apice ro- tundatis.—c.r. 1193, 3596.
Haz. Central Province, up to an elevation of 4000 feet.
Arbor magna. Foliola 2-4 poll. longa, $-1} poll. lata. Panicule supra- axillares, 2-3 poll. longe, minutissime pilosule. ores octandri, flavescentes, circiter 3 lin. longi. Calyx brevis, 4-lobus. Petala glabra, acuta. Tubus stamineus dentibus 8, obtusis, bifidis. Zudus interior nullus. Fructus pyriformis, pollicaris, loculis 1-2-spermis.
This differs from the other species of Dysozylom in having no inner tube sur- rounding the ovary.
8. WALSURA, Roxb.
1. W. piscidia, Roxb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 120, cum syn.; Wight, Illust. i. 148. t. 55.)—c.P. 1162.
Has. Common up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Kirrekong-gass.”’
2. W. Gardneri, Thw.; foliis unifoliolatis, glabris ; foliolo integro, ovato, obtuse-acuminato; petiolulo brevi, cum petiolo multo longiore articulato.—c.p. 1163.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 2000 to 4000 feet.
Arbor parva, 10-12-pedalis. Foliola 3-6 poll. longa, 13-24 lata, petiolulo 1-3 lin. longo. Fructus oblongus, parum apiculatus, 6-8 lin. longus. : The flowers of this are very similar to those of the preceding species, but the fruit is larger and more oblong. The axis of the panicle is most frequently produced into
a leaf-branch, in which case the inflorescence appears scattered along the stem.
9. XYLOCARPUS, Konig.
1. XX. Granatum, Kon. (W. et A. Prod. i. 121, cum syn.)—c.P. 2650. Has. South of the island; not common.
‘
XLIll. CEDRELACEZ.
1. CHICKRASSIA, Adr. Juss.
sad: &- tabularis, Adv. Juss. (W. et A. Prod. i. 123; Wight, Must. i. ‘ . t. 56.) Var. 8; foliis subtus tomentosis.—c.P. 2454. : Z B. Warmer parts of the island. Nom. vulg. “ Hoolanghik-gass. The wood of this tree is useful for building purposes.
2. CHLOROXYLON, DC.
1. C. Swietenia, DC. (W. et A. Prod. i. 123, cum syn.; Wight, Illust. i. 149. t. 56 bis.) —o.P. 1160.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island. Nom. vulg. “ Booroota-gass.”
This tree yields the satin-wood of commerce.
62 ' ' BNUMERATION OF. [ Ampelidee.
XLIV. AMPELIDER.
1. CISSUS, Linn.
1. CG. edulis, Dalz. in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. ix. p, 248.—C. uadrangularis, Roxb, (non Linn.). Vitis quadrangularrs, Wall. ; W. et A. Prod. i. 125; Wight, Icones, t. 51.—c.pr. 1174. Has. Common in the hot, drier parts of the island. The Cinghalese use the succulent stems of the plant as a medicine.
2. CG. glyptocarpa, Thw. ; ramulis tenuibus, 4-alatis ; folies truncato- cordatis, acuminatis, serratis, glabris, subtus basi, costa nervisque adpresse pilosis; stipwlis cymbiformibus; eymis petiolo longioribus, medium versus 3-5-radiatis, glabris.—c.P. 1183.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island.
Folia 2-8 poll. longa, 1-1$ lata; petiolo alato, {-14 poll. longo, Flores parvi, _mifescentes. Petala acuta, reflexa. Stylus cylindricus. Stigma minutum, bilobum. Nuculania oblonga, 3} lin. longa, 1-sperma, nigro-purpurea. Semen pyriforme, dorso 6-seriatim excavato-punctatum, antice 2-suleatum. ;
3. C. repens, Lam. (W. et A. Prod. i. 125, cum syn.)—c.P, 1180.
Has. Warmer parts of the island; not uncommon.
4, C. acuminata, Thw.; ramulis teretibus; foliis membranaceis, truncato-cordatis, rostrato-acuminatis, denticulatis, glabris, superne costa venis primariisque appresse pilosis, longe petiolatis ; eymis spa- diceo-tomentosis, petiolo multo brevioribus.—c.P. 3451.
Has. Ratnapoora District.
Folia 6-7 poll. longa, 24-4 poll. lata; petiolo 24-84 poll. longo. Stipule reniformes, medio adnate. Petala externe pilosa,
Closely allied to the preceding species, but differing from it in the shape and texture of the leaves, and in these being usually five-nerved at the base, whereas in C. repens they are most commonly three-nerved ; in the latter, too, the lamina is produced below the point of attachment of the petiole, giving the leaf a subpeltate character, but it is not so in the present species.
5. C. glauca, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 425.—Vitis glauca, W. et A. Prod.i. 126.—o.P. 2939.
Haz. Abundant, up to an elevation of 2000 feet.
6. G. lonchiphylla, Thw. ;, glabra, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, acumi- natis, remote denticulatis, basi truncato-rotundatis, 3-nerviis, parum cot sage eymis brevi petiolo longioribus.—c.P. 1177.
az. Ambagamowa District, at no great elevation; rare. Muruta, —
Gardner.
Folia 4-7 poll. longa, 13-24 poll. lata, petiolo 8-6 lin. longo. Stipule cordate, medio adnate. Flores parvi. Nuculania seme emit a - 7. G. adnata, Roxb.— Vitis adnata, Wall.; W. et A. Prod. i 126, =
cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 144,.—c.P. 3450.
_ Has. Warmer parts of the island; not uncommon. (8. CG. angulata, Lam.—Vitis Linnei, Wall.; W. et A. Prod. i. 126, cum syn.—c.P. 1181. ; Has. Hot, drier parts of the island; common. ‘ 9. C. trilobata, Lam.—Vitis Rheedii, W. et A. Prod. i. 127, cum — syn.—c.P. 1182. ’ Has. Warmer parts of the island; common.
Ampelidee.] CEYLON PLANTS. 63
' 40. ©. setosa, Roxb.—Vitis setosa, Wall.; W. et A. Prod. i. 127, eum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 170.—c.p. 1179.
Has. North of the island, Gardner.
11. C. carnosa, Lam.— Vitis carnosa, W. et A. Prod. i. 127, cum syn.—c.P. 2938.
Has. Warmer parts of the island ; common.
12. C. muricata.— Vitis muricata, Wall.; W. et A. Prod. i. 128, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 740. ? C. papillosa, Bl. Bijdr. p. 183.
Var. 8. minor.—c.r. 1178.
Has. Central Province, wp to an elevation of 3000 feet; not un- common. ae
Folia simplicia vel 2-3-foliolata ; foliolis 2-3% poll. longis. Nuculania albida, 3-5 lin. in diam., 1-4-sperma.
Tean fd no character but its smaller size to distinguish this from the plant _ figured by Dr. Wight.
13. ©. Gardneri, Thw.; glabra, foliis 3-foliolatis; foliolis ovato- lanceolatis, repando-dentatis, brevi-petiolatis, basi cuneatis ; lateralibus minoribus obliquis ; stipulis cordato-oblongis, adnatis ; cymispetiolo multo longioribus.—c.p. 1176.
Has. Matele and Hunasgiria Districts ; not common.
Ramuli tevetes, rufescentes. Folia petiolo circiter 1 poll. longo; foliolo inter- medio, 2~8 poll. longo, 1-14 poll. lato. Cyme pauciflore, rufeseentes. Nuculania pisi magnitudine, nigro-purpurea,
14, C, lanceolaria, Roxb.— Vitis lanceolaria, Wall.; W. et A., 1. c. eum syn.; Wight, Icones, tt. 28 et 177.—c.P. 3597.
Has. Near Nalande.
Tt seems probable {hat C. muricata is only a form of this species, as suggested by Wight and Arnott.
15. C. pedata, Lam.—Vitis pedata, Wall.; W. et A. Prod. i, 128, cum syn.—c.P. 1175, 2725. oe)
Has. Very abundant. Nom. vulg. “ Madeya-wel.”
Varies very much in the amount of pubescence, sometimes being nearly glabrous,
16. CG. reticulata, Thw.; glabra, foliis 3-foliolatis ; foliolis sube- qualibus, ovatis, cuspidatis, obscure denticulatis, subtus prominenti- reticulatis, basi angustatis; dateralibus obliquis; eymis petiolo lon- gioribus.—c.P. 2857. .
Hab. Ambagamowa District ; rare. ' ‘
Folia petiolo 13-24 poll. longo ; foliolis 4-6 poll. longis, 2-23 poll. latis 5 petiolulis lateralibus 3-6 Yin. longis; intermedio pollicari. Nuculania ovoidea, pallide rosea, cerasi magnitudine. Semina oblonga, 4 lin, longa. A Closely allied to some forms of the preceding, but its differently-shaped and reti-
culated leaves at once distinguish it. ‘The fruit is larger and somewhat attenu- ated at the apex, and the seeds, though with similar markings, are half as long * again as those of C. pedata. ‘The ternate character of the leaflets will probably be found not to be constant.
2. VITIS, Linn.
1, V. Indiea, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 131, cum syn.)—c.r. 1184. Haz. Abundant, up to an elevation of 3000 feet.
64 ENUMERATION OF [ Oxalidea.
3. LEEA, Linn.
1. Ls. Staphylea, Roxb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 132, cum syn.; Wight, Tllust. i. 153. t. 58; Wight, Icon. t. 78.)—c.P. 732. :
Has. Very common, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. * Booroola-gass.”” ,
“XLV. GERANIACEA. ae
1. GERANIUM, Linn.
1. G. Nepalense, Sweet, Ger. t. 12; DC. Prod. i. 643.—G. affine, W. et A. Prod. i. 133.—c.v. 2788.
Has. Between Newera Ellia and Maturatte, at an elevation of 7000 feet ; not common. : ale
XLVI. OXALIDEZ.
1. OXALIS, Linn.
1. O. corniculata, Linn. (W. et.A. Prod. i. 142, cum syn.)—O. repens, Thunb.; DC. Prod. i. 693.—c.P. 1189.
Var. 8. minor.—c.P. 1188.
Has. Central Province, abundant up to an elevation of 7000 feet.
2, BIOPHYTUM, DC.
1. B. sensitivam, DC. Prod. i. 690, cum syn.—c.p. 1190.
Has. Very abundant in the warmer parts of the island.
_ 2, B. nudum, Arn. Pug. viii. 326; Wight, Illust. i. 161.—c.P. 464 (6 in parte). : 4B. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 feet. ia
The leaflets of this species are less faleate and of a firmer texture than those — of the preceding, of which it is perhaps only a variety, and which it resembles in its subglabrous styles, shorter than those of the two following species. = as B. proliferum, Arn. Pug. ix. 327; Wight, [llust. i. 162.—c.P. Var. 8 ; foliis majoribus ; foliolis plus numerosis.—B. intermedium, — | Wight, 1. c.—c.p. 2419 (6 in parte). ; .
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 7000 feet.
Besides the difference of habit, the longer pilose styles distinguish this from the two preceding species. vee . bn :
4. B. nervifolium, Thw.; caule simplici ; Soliolis circiter 12-jugis, obovato-oblongis, obtuse apiculatis ; venis primariis paucis aivartco subtus prominentibus ; pedicellis floribus brevioribus; stylis longis, pilosis, eS 2787. fea . - Has. Putlam, A. O. Brodie, Esq. :
In habit and general appearance this a good deal resembles B. sensitivum, but the different shape and venation of the folioles, and the longer, hairy styles, seem satisfactorily to distinguish it. :
Balsaminee. | CEYLON PLANTS. A 65
XLVII. BALSAMINEA. 1. IMPATIENS, Linn. . (Nom. vulg. << Koodaloo-mal.”’)
Sect. 1. Foliis oppositis.
1, I. rosmarinifolia, Retz, (Arn. in Comp. to Bot. Mag. i. 325, cum syn.; Walp. Rep. i. 475.)—c.v. 31.
Has. Very abundant, especially amongst high grass, from the level of the sea to an elevation of 7000 feet. < :
Sect. 2. Foliis alternis. Pedicellis axillaribus, solitariis vel pluribus.
2. I. Balsamina, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 135, cum syn.)—c.P. 1213. Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 6000 feet. —
3. I. cuspidata, W. et A. Comp. to Bot. Mag. i. 321; Walp. Rep. p. 468 ; Wight, Icones, t. 741.—c.P. 156.
Var. 8. foliis longioribus.—J. bipartita, Arn. 1. . i. 322 ; Walp. Rep. p. 468.—c.p. 503.
Has. Var. a. Above Galagama, Gardner. Var. 8. Central Province, at_an elevation of 4000 to 7000 feet.
I can find nothing to distinguish var. 8 from the other form of the plant but its longer, narrower leaves, and these with rather more numerous and less distinct primary veins. The flowers are of a dull reddish-purple in both: the relative ‘size of the anterior lobe of the petals varies a good deal in different specimens.
4, I. Henslowiana, Arn. l. ¢, ; Walp. lc. p. 469.—c.P. 49.
Var. B. foliis tomentosis.—L albida, Wight, Icones, t.743.—c.p. 547.
ee Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 feet ; on- rocks, :
The smoother variety of this species agrees very completely with Dr. Arnott’s de- scription, except that the posterior sepal is not three-lobed, but two-lobed, with a wide sinus. The flowers are white, or slightly tinged with red.
5. I. flaccida, Arn. |. c. p- 822; Walp. lc. p. 468.—L. latifolia, Moon’s Cat. p. 18.—c.p. 2791.
Has. Abundant, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. &
Herbacea, decumbens. Flores rubro-purpurei, pallidi vel rarius candidi, 1-13 poll, in exp. Sepalo posteriore obcordato, carinato ; petalorum lobis subsequalibus, rotundatis, emarginatis. Semina juniora pilis patentibus deciduis vestita.
I do not find the spur in this species thicker towards the middle, and the appear- ance was probably caused in Dr. Arnott’s specimen by unequal pressure in drying, - . This must be closely allied to, if not a variety of, Z. datifolta, Linn., judging from the figure in Rheede, Hort, Mal. ix. 91. t, 48; and the last paragraph in the de- scription of t. 52, page 101, in the same volume, would seem to imply that the former has smooth capsules, though it is referred by Messrs. Wright and Arnott to a species with them tomentose.
6. I. leptopoda, . Le. p. 321.—L. brevicornu, Arn. l.c. TL. gib- bosa, pg l.c.; Wale lc. ae 468, 469. ?I. Leschenaultii, Wight, — Tcon. t. 970 bis.—c.p. 140 (455). :
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 5000 to 8000 feet.
' Erecta, 1-8-pedalis. . Petala rosea, divergentia, Jobis subequilongis, posteriore parum latiore, rgi . Capsule glabree. .
A very a ay ae a very “able eres, aud the flowers are frequently
quite ecalearate. The scattered, brittle, yellow pubescence sometimes upon the K
66 ‘ ENUMERATION OF [ Balsaminee. ©
«plant, would seem to be of an abnormal character, and perhaps the absence or re- duced size of the spur arises from disease or injury. L Leschenaultii of Dr. Wight’s “Ieones,’ closely resembles some states of the present ; but in that the petals appear to be approximated, whilst in this they are divergent. .
7. I. truncata, Thw. ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, denticula-
tis, sparse utrinque pilosis, basi angustata petioloque parce glanduloso- —
setigeris ; pedicellis 1-3-nis, tenuibus, una cum alabastris pilosis, foliis brevioribus ; sepalis lateralibus minutis, lanceolatis, posteriore multo majore, rotundato, cuspidato, anteriore hoe wquilongo, cuspidato, con- cavo, calcare recto, brevi, cylindrico, truncato; petalis approximatis, inequaliter bilobis, lobo anteriore multo majore, subsemicirculari; cap- sulis junioribus pilosis.—c.P. 2426.
Var. 8. subglabra ; planta fere tota glabra.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 feet.
Herbacea, 1-2-pedalis, basi decumbens, radicans. Ramuli rufescentes. Folia 1-2 poll. longa, 4-14 poll. lata, subtus pallidiora, petiolo 4-14 poll: longo. Fores pal- lide rosei, externe rufescentes, petalorum lobis basi rufo-tinctis.
Apparently very closely allied to I. inconspicua, Benth., Wight, Icon. t. 970, but is distinguished by its alternate leaves, spurred flowers, and much smaller, lateral sepals, er I. macrophylla, Gardner, MSS.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 4662.—c.P.
12. “
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 feet.
Sepala lateralia anguste oblonga, posteriore 3-4-plo breviora. Petala lutea, sub- biloba, apice exsecta, inclusa.
Nearly allied to, and in its foliage closely resembling the next species, but dis- tinguished by its more numerous flowers, shorter and less saccate lower sepal, and included petals.
9. I. glandulifera, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 322.—Z. cor- ‘
nigera, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4623, non Arn.—c.p. 2427. Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 feet. _ Cauilrs erectus, 4-6-pedalis. Folia majuscula, denticulata, longe petiolata. Pedi- cell fasciculati, petiolis glanduloso-setigeris breviores. Sepala dateralia minuta, viridia ; posterius cucullatum, viride, margine rufescente; anterius luteo-rufescens, profunde saccatum, in calcar breve incurvum apice incrassatum angustatum. Pe-— tala rosea, lobis subaequalibus, rotundatis; posteriore interne appendiculato; ante- riore porrecto, exserto, apice emarginato. 10. I. repens, Moon’s Cat.; Wight, Illust. i. 160. t. 61; Walp. l.c. p- 469.—c.p. 2790. ;
_ Has. Southern and central parts of the island, at no great elevation. ©
Sect. 3.—Foliis alternis ; pedunculis Jlores plures gerentibus. ~~ Walkeri, Hook. (Arn. l.c. p. 324. t.18; Walp. lc. p.471.)— C.P. : _ Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 feet. : 12. I. Hookeriana, Arn. |. c. p. 324; Walp. l.c. p. 471.—? L. grandis,
ae: Roxb. Fl. Ind. (ed. Wallich) ii. 464.—c.P. 2425. . Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet.
T strongly suspect that this beautiful species is identical with J. grandis, Heyne.
It varies a good deal in the shape of the lateral sepals, and in the size and colour of the flowers, which latter are either quite white or more or less blotched with pale or deep blood-colour. :
.
.
”
Balsaminee. | CEYLON PLANTS. 67
13. I. elongata, Arn. 1. c. p. 324; Walp. 1. c. p. 473.—c.P. 436 (453).
Has. Near Adam’s Peak, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet.
Flores rubri. Petalorum lobus posterior parvus, sepalis lateralibus sequilongus ; anterior multo major, oblique rotundatus, obtusns.
14. I. subcordata, Arn. 1. c. p. 323; Walp. l. c. p. 471.—c.r. 1230 and 2789. Gs
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 6000 feet.
Herbacea, 1-2-pedalis, basi decumbens, radicans. Folia 13-23 poll. longa, 3-14
* poll. lata, petiolo 3-2 poll. longo. ores albidi, sepalis lateralibus posterioreque — _rubescentibus, ;
15. I. cornigera, Arn. |. c. p. 323; Walp. l.c. p. 473.—c.r. 332.
Has. Warmer parts of the island, at no great elevation, in damp, shady woods.
Glaberrima. Caulis simplex, 4-2-pedalis. Folia pallide vel nigro-viridia, sepe ad costam albido-areolata, subtus pallida vel rafo-plumbea, petiolo mediocri. Flores citrini, plus minus viridi vel rubro tincti. Sepala lateralia parva, ovata, subcor- data, acuminata; -posterivs rotundatum, subcucullatum, apiculatum; anterius in calear longum subcylindricum apice attenuato sursum arcte uncinato productum. Petalorim lobus posterior minutus; anterior multo major, subquadratus, pedicello eequilongo suffultus.
16. I. Arnottii, Thw.; /oliis ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, crenatis, denticulatis, superne sparsissime pilosis, subtus glabris, basi angustatis, petiolo eglanduloso ; sepalis lateralibus parvis, cordatis, valde obliquis, obtuse apiculatis, anteriore in calcar gracile ineurvum sensim attenua~ tum flore duplo longius producto; petalorum lobo posteriore parvo, an- teriore multo majore, subaseicincndate: pedicellato, porrecto.—c.p. 725.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 1000 to 3000 feet; not common. =
Preecedente valde affinis similisque, sed sepalorum lateralium, calcaris petalorum- que forma satis differt—Flores rubro-purpurei, medio luteo-tineti. Capsula@ 1-3- sperme. =
17. I. linearis, Arn. 1. c. p. 323; Walp. l.c. p. 473.—c.P. 372.
Has. Adam’s Peak, at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 feet.
18. I. appendiculata, Arn. |. c. p. 323; Walp. l.c. p. 473. ;
Var. a.—? I. candida, Lindl. Bot. Reg. new series, vol. xiii.; Misc. 85. n. 204; Walp. 1. ¢. p. 475.—c.P. 1207.
Var. 8.—c.p. 1208. ;
Var. y; foliis majoribus, pilosioribus.—c.P. 1209. :
Has. Southern and central parts of the island, at an elevation of 2000 to 5000 feet. : gee
Species valde variabilis, Folia ad caulis sxpissime simplicis apicem aggregata, vel sparsa, }—6 poll. longa, subglabra vel pilosa, Fores albidi vel pallide rosei, sepalo
. @uteriore transverse rubro-striato. Petalorum lobus posterior parvus, lanceolatus,
longe caudatus ; anterior major, semicordatus, acuminatus.
19. I. leucantha, Thw.; herbacea, pusilla, simplex; folits ad caulis apicem approximatis, lanceolati$, acuminatis, denticulatis, parce pilosis, versus basin petioloque subalato glanduloso-setigeris ; sepalo anteriore in calear wquilongum rectum conicum apice (siccum) subabrupte at- tenuatum producto ; petalorum lobo posteriore parvo, lanceolato, ante- 254 multo majore, inequaliter 3-partito, apicibus rotundatis.—c.r.
Han, Hinidoon and Kittool Galle.
68 ENUMERATION OF [Zygophyllee.
* .
A precedente, cui valde similis affinisque, calcaris petaloramque forma precipue differt. Flores albi, sepalo anteriore rufo-guttato.
20. I. janthina, Thw.; herbacea, pusilla, simplex, glaberrima ; foliis 1-4, sepissime caulem terminantibus, membranaceis, ovatis vel rotun- datis, acuminatis, denticulatis, petiolo eglanduloso; sepalis lateralibus minoribus, oblongis, subacutis, posteriore rotundato, cucullato, ante- riore infundibuliformi, in calear equilongum sensim attenuatum incur- vatum producto; petalorum lobis subequalibus, posteriore acuto, ante- riore subrotundato, obtuso.—c.p. 3003.
Has. Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, at no great elevation; rare.
Folia 1-4 poll. longa, 7-3 poll. lata, petiolo 3-2 poll. longo. Pedicellé pollicares, ad pedunculi elongati apicem in racemum brevem aggregati; Sracteis ovalibus, per- sistentibus. Flores violacei, 6-8 lin. in exp. - Capsule polyspermee.
21. I. acaulis, Arn. 1. c. p. 325.—? TZ. rivalis, Wight, Icon. t. 751.—. c.P. 490 (2595).
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet, on wet rocks ; abundant. eek
Folia rotundata, ovata vel lanceolata, petiolo rufescente eequilonga vel multo bre- viora, parce pilosa vel subglabra. Scapi rufescentes. Flores rubri, 1-14 poll. in. exp., calcare equilongo vel parum longiore. Petalorum lobi equilongi ; anterior latior, oblique truncatus vel emarginatus. :
Dr. Wight’s I. rivalis, figured with the anterior lobes of the petals bipartite, is probably only a form of the present species. J. scapiflora, Heyne, is described by Roxburgh as having a spur several inches in length, and therefore must certainly be different both from this and from the J. scapyflora of Wight’s ‘ Icones,’ t. 967.
2. HYDROCERA, Blume.
1. Hi. triflora, W. et A. Prod. i. 140, eum syn.—c.r. 1210. Has. Warmer parts of the island, in watery places; very abundant.
XLVIII. PITTOSPOREZ. 1. PITTOSPORUM, Sol.
1. PB. Ceylanicum, Wight, lust. i. 173.—? P. floribundum, W. et A. Prod. i. 154. ? Celastrus verticillatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 391. ? Senacia Napaulensis, DC. Prod. i. 347.—c.P. 476.
- Oova District, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Katteya-gass.”
Arbor mediocris, 15-20-pedalis. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, cuneata, apice sub- acuta vel rotundata, glabra, 3-4 poll. longa, 3-1 poll, lata, petiolo circiter } poll. Tongo. Flores albidi. Ovarinm pilosum. Sty/us cylindricus, glaber. Capsule uni- loculares, viridi-fuscescentes. ; ate -. 2, BP. tetraspermum, W. et A. Prod. i. 154; Wight, Icon. t. 971.—
c.p. 572 (685). :
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 5000 to 7000 feet, on the banks of streams.
XLIX. ZYGOPHYLLEA. | _-1, PRIBULUS, Tourn. 1. T. terrestris, Linn. (Walp. Rep. ii. 822, cum syn.)—T. lanuginosus,
Xanthorylacea. | CEYLON PLANTs. 69
_ Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 704, cum syn.; Wight, Icon. t. 98; Dust. p. 164. —c.P. 1252. Has. North of the island, Gardner.
L. XANTHOXYLACEA.
1. XANTHOXYLOW, Linn.
i. %. Rhetsa, DC. (W. et A. Prod. i. 148, cum syn.)—c.P. 3490,
Has. Central Province, W. H. Wright, Esq.; near Colombo, W. _ Ferguson, Esq. Nom. vulg. “ Kattoo-keena-gass.”
This tree so precisely corresponds with Roxburgh’s description, that there can be no doubt of its being the Fagara Rhetsa of that author.
2. %. triphyllum, Juss. (Wight, Illust. i. 169; Icon. t. 204.)—2X. Zeylanicum, DC. Prod. i. 728, cum syn. Evodia triphylla, DC. 1. e. p. 724, cum syn.—c.p. 538, 2501.
Var. 8; foliis digitatis, 5-foliolatis.
Has. Very abundant, up to an elevation of 5000 feet. Var. 8. Near Ratnapoora. Nom. vulg. ** Loonoo-ankenda-gass.””
3. 3K. tetraspermum, W. et A. Prod. i. 148.—c.P. 386.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet.
_ Frutex scandens, aculeatus. Folia impari-pinuata, rachi acnleata. Foliola 2-3- juga, cum impari, subsessilia, costulis seepissime aculeatis. ores patvi, abortu dioici, tetrameri, albidi, roseo-tincti. Masc. Petala oblonga, acuta, ealycis segmentis multo longiora, Stamina in lobis disci ovarium abortivam cingentis inserta. Ovarii abort. loborum apices recurvato-uncinati.
2. TODDALIA, Juss.
1. T. aculeata, Pers. (W. et A. Prod. i. 149, cum syn.)—Z. floribunda, - Wall. Plant. As, Rar. ii. 17. t. 232; Wight, Ilust. i. 169. ¢. 66.—c.r.
1250, 2413 (1251). |
Has. Very abundant, up to an elevation of 4000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Koodoomirris-wel.”
A most variable plant, as regards the shape and size of the leaflets, the extent of aculeation, and the amount of the red pubescence with which the younger parts are clothed. The large-based aculei are common to the stems of all the varieties, and therefore furnish no character for their separation.
3. CYMINOSMA, Gertn.
1. G. pedunculata, DO. (W. et A. Prod. i. 147, cum syn.; Wight, Tilust. i, 165. t. 65.)—c.p. 1249. a Has. Common, up to an elevation of 4000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ An-
- Nuculania rotundata, 5-7 lin. in diam., albida. 2 :
4. AILANTHUS, Desf. | 1. A. Malabaricus, DC. Prod. ii. p. 89, cum syn.; Wight, Icon.
70 ENUMERATION OF { Ochnacee.
LI. SIMARUBE.
1. SAMADERA, Gertn.
1. S. Indica, Gaertn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 151, cum syn.)—c.P. 2766. Has. South of the island; not uncommon, Nom. vulg. “ Samadara- gass.” - The root of this plant is used as a medicine by the Cinghalese, and so also is the fruit.
LIT. OCHNACEA.
1. OCHWA, Linn. (Nom. vulg. ‘ Mal-kaara-gass.”’)
1. O. squarrosa, Linn. (Wight, Ilust. i. 172. t. 69; Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 89.)—c.P. 1223. 4
Has. Batticaloa and Jaffna, Gardner.
2. O. cordata, Thw. ; foliis ellipticis vel obovatis, obtusis, dentatis, basi cordatis; racemis ramulos foliosos terminantibus, brevibus, 3-6- floris; sepalis 3-5; petalis carpellisque circiter 7.—c.P. 1222.
Has. Jaffna, Gardner.
Folia 1-2 poll. longa, 3-13 lata, petiolo circiter 1 lin. longo. Pedicelli_ polli- cares, prope basin articulati. Peta/a rotundata, longe unguiculata, 2 poll. longa. © Anthere filamentis plus quam duplo longiores. Stigma capitatum.
' But for the cordate base of the leaves I should have referred this, without much doubt, to the O. obtusata, DC., but that author would scarcely have passed over, un- noticed, so striking a characteristic of the present species. I have not sufficient ma- terials to give so detailed a description as would be desirable. S
3. O. Moonii, Thw.—0O. squarrosa, Moon’s Cat.; foliis lanceolatis, utrinque angustatis, denticulatis, venis venulisque prominentibus; racemis 6-12-floris, ramulos inferiores breves denudatos terminantibus ; pedicellis floribus subduplo longioribus, ad partem inferiorem tertiam vel quartam articulatis.—c.p. 1224.
ar. 8; foliis mimoribus, utrinque subobtusis.—c.P. 2554.
Has. Warmer parts of the island, up to an elevation of 2000 feet.
Var. B. Jaffna, Gardner. ¢
- Folia 3-7 poll. longa, 14-2 poll..lata, petiolg circiter 1 lin. longo. Flores 43-5 lin. longi. Petala 5, oblonga, sepalis quilonga. Anthere filamentis subduplo longiores. Carpella 5-7.
4. O. rufescens, Thw. ; foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, argute denta- tis, nitidis, conspicue et minutissime venulosis, basi angustatis; racems 6-12-floris, ramulos inferiores breves denudatos terminantibus; pedi- cellis floribus subtriplo longioribus, prope basin articulatis.—c.P. 3455. ~ Has. Hinidoon Corle, at an elevation of about 1000 feet.
Folia 4-6 poll. longa, circiter 14 poll. lata, petiolo 2 lin. longo, juniora rufescentia. Flores 3-33 lin. longi. Carpella 7-8. e
Closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished by its much smaller flowers, and the relatively much shorter inferior articulation of the pedicel. In many res “ag it would seem to resemble the O. nitida, Thunb., also said to occur in Ceylon, bub the character of the inflorescence is different.
5. ©. Wightiana, Wall. (W. et A. Prod. i. 152: ? Wight, Icom
Celastracea. | ORYLON PLANTS. es ae
t. 223.) —O. Heyneana, W. et A.,l.c. O. Walkerii, Planchon, Hook. Lond. Journ. v. 653; Walp. Ann. i. 180.—c.p. 1221.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, at no great elevation.
Folia 1-2 poll. longa, 3-8 lata, petiolo 1 lin. longo. Pedicelli 4-7 lin. longi, prope medium articulati. Flores 34-4 lin. longi.
2. GOMPHIA, Schreb.
1. G. angustifolia, Vahl, (W. et A. Prod. i. 153, cum syn. ; et, fere sine One Walkera serrata, Willd. DC. Prod. i. 737, cum syn.)— c.P, 2412.
Has. Common, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Bo- kaara-gass.”’
_ The wood of this tree, which grows to the height of thirty feet, is useful for build- ing purposes. i
LIII. STAPH YLEACES.
1. TOURPINIA, Venin.
1, T. Nepalensis, Wall. (W. et A. Prod. i. 156; Wight, Icon. t. 972.)
—c.P. 218 (563, 569). : 7
Var. 8. montana; floribus majoribus, paucioribus.—? 7. pomifera, DC. Prod. ii. p- 3, cum syn. :
__ Has. Var. a. Common in the warm, moister parts of the island. Var. 8 occurs abundantly in more elevated situations, up to 6000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Kankoombala-gass,” “ Attakirilla-gass.”
: Stipula interpetiolares triangulares, cito decidue. Nuculania firma, subglobosa, viridia, nigro-purpurascentia, deinde cinerascentia, }—1 poll. in diam. :
The extreme forms of this plant might easily be taken for two distinct species ;
but this is another instance of an elevated humid locality producing a form with fewer
and larger flowers tlian are exhibited in the same species when growing nearer the level of the sea,
LIV. CELASTRACEZ.
Sect. 1. Ovarium liberum vel subliberwm.
1. PLEUROSTYLIA, W. ct A.
1, P. Wightii, W. et A. Prod. i. 157, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 155.—oc.p. 329. ; Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, up to no great elevation.
2. MICROTROPIS, Wall.
_ Semina exarillata; testa colorata. — ae 1. M. Wallichi Wight, MSS. ; foliis obovato- vel oblongo-lan- ceolatis, Reterrmpremer Bs ; floribus axillaribus ramulinisque, sub- sessilibus, confertis.—c.p. 43 (202, 374, 402). _ Has. Forests of the Central Province and Saffragam, at an eleva- tion of 2000 to 5000 feet ; abundant.
72 ENUMERATION OF [ Celastracee.
Arbor mediocris. Folia glabra, 23-6 poll. longa, 1-8 poll. lata, petiolo 2-4 lin. longo. am
This would appear to differ from J. gareiniefolia, Wall. (Wight, Icon. t. 761), principally in its subsessile, more numerous flowers, and it will probably prove to be merely a variety of that species. :
2. Mi. ramiflora, Wight, Icones, t. 977.—c.r. 148, 1228. :
Var. 8; foliis minoribus, oblongo-lanceolatis, basi angustatis.
Has. Abundant at Newera Ellia and other of the more elevated parts of the Central Province. Var. 8 occurs in rather dry situations.
Folia 1-3 poll. longa, 4-2 poll. lata, petiolo 1-2 lin. longo, Pedunculi 3-2 lin. longi. :
This, lke the preceding, is a very variable species, the size, form, and texture of the Icaves being modified according to the kind of situation in which it occurs, Var. B bears a considerable general resemblance to M. microcarpa, Wight, Ieones, t. 975, but TI have never. seen the Ceylon plant with the peduncles and pedicels so elongated as represented in that figure.
3. KURRIMIA, Wall., Arnott. Bhesa, Ham., Arn., Endlich. Rhesa, Walpers.
Ovarium liberum, 2-loculare ; loculis 2-ovulatis. Ovula basi affixa, erecta, collateralia. Capsula 1-locularis, bivalvis, 1-2-sperma. Semina erecta, arillo carnoso. -
1. K. Ceylanica, Arn. Pug. x. 328.—c.p. 1225.
Var. 8. montana; paniculis minus elongatis ; floribus majoribus.— c.P. 409,
Has. Var. a. In warm, moister parts of the island. Var. B. Central Province, up to an elevation of 5000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Palang,” * Hoorakandoo,” and “ Alareya-gass.”
Arbor magna. Ramuli teretes, glabri; yuntorum apices acuti, stipulis magnis circumvolutis cito deciduis tecti. Folia glabra, 3-6 poll. longa, 3-3 poll. Jata, petiolo 4-1¥ poll. longo. Fores parvi, pallide virides. Capsule oblongee, carnoso- coriaceze, $ poll. long, rufescentes. Semina oblonga, fere ad apicem ardl/o carnoso albido inclusa ; ¢es¢ta membranacea, brunnea. ;
4, CELASTRUS, Linn. 1. CG. paniculata, Willd. (W. et A. Prod. i. 158, cum syn. ; Wight,
Illust. i. 172. t. 72; Icones, t. 158.)—c.P. 1232. Has. Common up to an elevation of 2000 feet.
Sect. 2.—Ovarium disco immersum et cum eo consolidatum.
5. CATHA, Forsk.
1. ©. emarginata, G. Don.— Célastrus emarginatus, Willd.; W.et A. Prod. i. p. 160, cum syn.—c.p. 1235,
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island. Nom. vulg, “ Deya-eringoo.”
2. ©. fruticosa, Thw.; foliis parvis, oblongo-spathulatis vel sub- .
_ trapezoideis, crenato-serratis, glabris, petiolatis, subtus prominenti- : reticulatis ; corymbis axillaribus, multifloris, folio brevioribus—c.P.
.
Rhamnacee. | . CEYLON PLANTS. 73
Has. Banks of the Mahawelliganga, near N awalapittya, in the Central Province.
Frutex inermis, 8-10-pedalis. Ramuli angulosi. Folia 4-13 poll. longa, 4-7 lin. lata, petiolo circiter 1 lin. longo, Fores parvi, 1 lin. in exp. Petala 5, albida. Stylus brevis. Stigmata 8, brevia, recurvata. Capsule 3-loculares, pisi magnitu- dine, rubiginose, transverse striate. Semina coccinea, nitida; arillo parvo, albido.
6. EVONY MOUS, Linn.
1. E. revolutus, Wight, Illust. i. 178; Walp. Rep. i. 581.—c.P. 679.
Has. Newera and sta very elévated parts of the island.
Arbor mediocris. Folia opposita vel terna, seepe rotundata. lores virides, pur- purascentes,
2, BE. dichotomus, Heyne, (W. et A. Prod. i. 160, cum syn.)—c.P. 171.
Has. Galagama, on the banks of streams.
3. B. Walkerii, Wight, l.c.; Walpers, l.c.—E. Zeylanicus, Moon, Cat. p. 17.—0.P. 478. é
Has. Very abundant in the southern and central parts of the island, up to an elevation of 3000 feet.
Closely allied to the preceding, from which it differs principally in its shorter petioles and flower-stalks.
7. GLYPTOPETALUM, Thw. Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. viii. (1856) p. 267. t. 7 B. Flores tetrameri. Petala superne bifoveolata. Antherarum loculi apicem connectivi maximi innati siti, basi divergentes. — Ovariwm pyramidato-tetragonum, 4-loculare. Ovula in loculis singula, ab apice pendula. Capsule rotundate, 1-4-sperme. Semina arillata. :
1. G. Zeylanicum, Thw. |. c.—c.p. 589.
‘Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 feet.
Folia opposita, lanceolata, serrata, glabra, 44-6 poll. longa, 14-24 poll. lata ; petiolo & poll. longo. Cymarum supra-axillarium pedunculi ‘1-14 poll. longi ; pedicelli divaricati, 4 poll. longi. JV/ores albido-virescentes, 4 lin. lati. Semina 4 Poll. longa, ovoidea ; ari/lo rubro ultra medium attingente ; testa flavo-rufescente.
8. ELAODENDRON, Jacq.
1. EB. glancum, Pers. (Roxb. Fl. Ind. (Wallich) ii. 432, cum syn.)— C.P. 1227, ‘ :
Var. 8. montanum ; floribus nuculaniisque majoribus.—c.P. 2520.
Has. Var. a. Hot, esas parts of the island. Var. 8. Central Pro-
vince, at an elevation of 3000 to 4500 feet.
Tcan find nothing to distinguish the two varieties of this species except the larger flowers and fruit of var. 8, and the petioles of this form are usually somewhat shorter
hinvar.a, .
LV. RHAMNACEZ.
1. ZIZYPHUS, Tourn.
l. Z. rugosa, Lam. (W. et A. Prod. i. 162, cum syn. ; Wight, Icon.
t. 339.)\—c.p, 2719. rh
= 74 ENUMERATION OF | Rhamnacea.
Haz. Very abundant, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg.
“‘ Maha-erraminya.”
2, Z. xylopyra, Willd. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.)—o.P. 1243.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island.
3. Z. Jujuba, Lam. (W. et A., l.c.; Wight, Icon. t. 99.)—c.r. 1242.
Has. Anooradhapoora, Gardner.
4, Z. GGnoplia, Mill. (W. et A., l.c. p- 163.)—o.P. 1240.
Has. Common, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. ‘‘ Erra- minya-wel.”
5. Z. lucida, Moon, Cat. p. 17 ;* foliis ovato-lanceolatis, crenato- serrulatis, obtuse acuminatis, minute a iculatis, basi obliquis, 3-5- nerviis, transverse parallelo-venulosis, glabris, petiolo nervisque pu- bescentibus ; eymis folio multo brevioribus, tomentosis ; stylis 3-4, ad medium coalitis.—? Z. horrida, Roth, nov. sp. p. 159.—o.p. 1241.
Has. Matele, Moon ; Kornegalle District, abundant. | Fruticosa. Ramuli teretes, nigrescentes, juniores tomentosi; acu/eis solitariis vel binis. Folia 2-3 poll. louga, 3-14 poll. lata, petiolo 8 lin. longo. Ovarium 3-4-loculare, Nuculania globosa, circiter 8 lin. in diam., carnosa, viridi-purpura- Scentia, 2—4-sperma ; putamine osseo, ruguloso.
It is difficult to surmise what can be the Rhamnus Napeca, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 87, the description of which agrees tolerably well with the characters of the present
plant, except as regards the number of Styles, which seems decisive against their being identical,
2, BERCHEMIA, Neck. | a
1, B. parviflora, Wall. (W. et A. Prod. i. 163, cum syn.; Wight, Icones (19), t. 513.)—c.P. 2477.
Has. Maturate District, in the Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 feet ; not common. :
In my specimens the leaves are oblong-lanceolate, and not cordate at the base as in Dr. Wight’s figure, but in other respects the characters correspond,
3. VENTILAGO, Gaertn.
1. V. Maderaspatana, Gerin. (W. et A. Prod. i. 164, cum syn.;
Wight, Icones, t. 163.)—c.p. 1236.
4B. Common in the hot, drier parts of the island, up to an eleva- tion of 1500 feet.
4. RHAMNUS, Linn.
1, R. Wightii, W. et A. Prod. i. 164, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 159.—c.p. 2525.
Has. Newera Ellia and other of the most elevated parts of the — Central Province. ‘ee
2. R. Arnottianus, Gardn. MSS. ; foliis glabris, ovato-lanceolatis, crenatis, glandulose serrulatis, obtuse acuminatis, superne depresso- __ reticulatis; pedwneulis unifloris, axillaribus, ternis, puberulis, petiolo = — longioribus ; petalis nullis.—c.p. 201.
4B. Most elevated parts of the Central Province. Arbor parva. Ramuli juniores puberuli. Folia 13-2% poll. longa, $-14 poll.
Terebinthacee. | CEYLON PLANTS. : 75
lata, petiolo 2-4 lin. longo. Stipule lineari-lanceolate, 24 lin. longee, basi interne glandulose, cito decidue ; glandulis minutis, erectis, clavatis, rubris, persistentibus. Calycis lacinie 4, acute, externe pilose. Stamina 4, filamentis brevibus. Sty/i 2-8, basi coaliti. Nucu/ania pisi parvi magnitudine, nigro-purpurea,
5. SCUTIA, Comm.
1, S. Indica, Brongn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 165, cum syn.; Wight, Illust. 180. t. 73.)\—c.p. 1233. Has. Abundant in the hot, drier parts of the island.
6. COLUBRINA, Rich.
1. ¢: Asiatica, Brongn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 166, cum syn.; Wight, Tllust.. 180. t. 74.)—o.p. 1239; Has. North of the island, Gardner.
7. GOUANTA, Jacq.
1. G. microcarpa, DC. (W. et A. Prod.i. 167, cum syn.)—c.P. 1238. Has. Common, up to an elevation of 2000 feet.
LVI. TEREBINTHACER.
1. MANGIFERA, Linn.
1. M. Indica, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 170, cum syn.)—c.P. 1256, 2614, :
Has. Abundant, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. ‘* Amba.’ and * Attamba-gass.” :
4
2. ANACARDIUM, Rottb.
l. A. occidentale, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 168, cum syn.) Has. Naturalized in some of the warmer parts of the island. Nom. vulg. ‘“e Cadjoo-gass.”
3. SEMECARPUS, Linn. ~Sect. 1. Panicule ramulos terminantes:
tard pgs 1. S. subpeltata, Thw.; foliis magnis, ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, glabris, coriaceis, ritidis, Ee Mardis ; drupis transverse oblongis, parce compressis, dimidio inferiore Aypocarpio* magno carnoso subreni- formi tectis.—c.p. 3004, Has. Singhe-rajah and other forests between Ratnapoora and Galle. Nom. vulg. “ Maha-badoolla-gass.” _ Arbor magna, 30-40-pedalis, Wola 10-15 poll. longa, 4-6} poll. lata; petiolo
* The fleshy structure on which the drupe in this genus rests, and for which I Propose the name of hypocarpium, can hardly be called a “ torus izcrassatus,” as it
‘Ss rather an enlargement of the base of the calyx.
76 ENUMERATION OF [ Terebinthacee.
crasso, 14-2 poll. longo, Panicule magne, ramis pateutibus. Drupe circiter § poll. in alt., 1} poll. in max. lat.
2. S. Gardneri, Thw. ; foliis lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, acu- minatis, glabris ; petiolo longiuseulo ; drupis oblique oblongis, parce compressis, dimidio inferiore Aypocarpio magno carnoso cupuliformi tectis.—c.p. 1257, 2940.
Has. Very common in the Central Province, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Badoolla-gass.”
Arbor mediocris. Folia 44-13 poll. longa, 14-4 poll. lata ; petiolo crassiusculo, 3-2 poll. longo. Panicule folio subequilonge. Drupe circiter 9 lin. longe, hypocarpio circiter 7 lin. lato. .
3. S. obscura, Thw.; foliis glabris, ovato-oblongis, obtusis, basi _cuneatis, superne nitidis ; petiolo brevi, vix incrassato ; drwpis (imma- turis) oblongis, dimidio inferiore hypocarpio cupuliformi carnoso tectis, —c.P, 2556. : Has. Deltotte, in the Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 feet.
Arbor mediocris. Folia 3-4 poll. longa, 13-13 poll. lata, petiolo circiter 8 lin. longo. Panicule folio subxquilonge. :
4. S. oblongifolia, Thw.; foliis glabris, oblongis, apice rotundatis vel obscure obtuse acuminatis, basi cuneatis, petiolo basi incrassato ; drupis oblongis, parce obliquis compressisque, apiculatis, hypocarpio (sicco) angustiore poculiformi suffultis——? 8. ?Zeylanica, Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. p. 189.—c.p. 1258.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, up to an elevation of 3000 feet; common. Nom. vulg. “ Badoolla-gass.”
Arbor mediocris. Folia 34-9 poll. longa, 1-24 poll. lata, petiolo 4-6 lin, longo. Drupe wuce avellana parum majores.
This species a good deal resembles S. obscura, but differs in its less coriaceous and paler leaves, and much smaller hypocarp.
5. 8. nigroviridis, Thw. ; foliis glabris, obovatis vel oblongis, obtuse brevi-acuminatis, basi angustatis, petiolo basi incrassato ; drupis rotun- datis vel obcordatis, obliquis, compressis, uncinato-apiculatis, Aypo- carpio (sicco) angustiore poculiformi compresso suffultis.—c.r. 631, 2444 (641, 2586).
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 2000 to 4000 feet.
Arbor mediocris. Folia intense viridia, 24-6 poll. longa, 1}-2} poll. lata, petiolo 3-8 lin. longo. Drupe 8-10 lin. in max. diam.
Distinguished from the preceding species by its differently-shaped and darker- coloured leaves and larger, more compressed drupes. From’ §. obscura it differs principally in the shape of the fruit aud the smaller hypocarp.
6. S. acuminata, Thw. ; foliis glabris, ovato- vel oblongo-lanceolatis, ri acuminatis, basi angustatis, petiolo parum incrassato ; drupis ob- cordatis, compressis, valde obliquis, uncinato-acuminatis, hypocarpvo (sicco) multum angustiore poculiformi elongatulo suffultis.—c.P. 2676.
' Has. Forests in the Ratnapoora, Galle, and Ambagamowa Districts, at no great elevation. a Be
Arbor mediocris, Folia 4-12 poll. longa, 13-2} lata, petiolo 4-10 lin. longo. Drupa \ poll, longe, % poll. in max. diam., hypocarpio ¥ poll. longo. —
_ _ Resembling S. Gardneri in many respects, but distinguished from it by its less coriaceous leaves, smaller panicles, and very differently-shaped fruit.
7. S. coriacea, Thw.; foliis glabris, obovatis vel obovato-oblongis,
Terebinthacee.] CEYLON PLANTS. 77
valde coriaceis, apice rotundatis vel obscure obtuse acuminatis, basi plus minus angustatis, petiolo costaque robustis; paniculis folio bre- vioribus, rache brevi, ramis interrupte spiceformibus ; drupis obcor- datis, obliquis, compressis, mucronulatis ; hypocarpio (sicco) mediocri, poculiformi.—o.P. 313, 635.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 5000 10 7000 feet.
Arbor mediocris. Folia 84-7 poll. longa, 14-34 poll. lata, petiole 2-5 lin. longo. Drupe 8 lin. in alt., 11 lin. in imax. lat., Aypocarpio 4} lin. longo.
8. S. parvifolia, Thw. ; foliis glabris, ovato-oblongis, abrupte obtuse acuminatis vel apice rotundatis, basi angustatis, coriaceis ; petiolo su-
rne sulcato, non incrassato ; panicule ramis racemiformibus, pauci-
oris ; drupis (immaturis) elongato-conicis, uncinato-acuminatis, parce obliquis, Aypocarpio subequilato poculiformi suffultis.—c.r. 3444.
Has. Hinidoon Corle, in the Galle District. Nom. vulg. “ Heen- badoolla-gass.”
Arbor mediocris, Folia 14-3} poll. longa, 3-14 poll. lata, petiolo 3-6 lin. longo.
9, S. Moonii, Thw.; foliis magnis, glabris, coriaceis, lanceolatis, brevi-acuminatis, basi angustatis, brevi-petiolatis ; druwpis (immaturis) a oblongis, compressis, apiculatis, Aypocarpio mediocri.—c.P.
Has. South of the island, at no great elevation.
Arbor mediocris. Folia 6-12 poll. longa, 2-5 poll. lata, petiolo 1-8 lin. longo. Punicule elongate, multifiors. ;
10. S. obovata, Moon, Cat. p. 22; foliis glabris, superne nitidis, obovatis, apice rotundatis vel abrupte obtuse acuminatis, ad basin an- gustatam rotundatis vel subcordatis, brevi-petiolatis ; drupis (immaturis) oblongis, parce obliquis, apiculatis ; hypoearpto (siceo) angustiore, elon- gatulo.—o.P. 3339.
Has. Caltura, Moon ; near Ratnapoora. , :
_ Arbor mediocris. Folia 3-7 poll. longa, 1{-5 poll. lata ; petiolo j-2 lin. longo, Incrassato.
11. S. pubescens, Thw.; foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi subro- tundatis, superne (costa excepta) glabris, subtus cum costa petioloque incrassato pubescentibus ; paniculis elongatis ; drupis parvis.—C.P. 163.
Has. Ratnapoora District, at no great elevation.
Arbor parva. Ramuli elongati, teretes, pubescentes. Folia 5-18 poll. longa, 14-3 poll. lata, petiofo 4-1 poll. longo. Drupe oblongee, parce obliquie, circiter abe. longe, 3 lin. late, Aypocarpio brevi carnoso cupuliformi subsequilato 5 tee.
Sect. 2. Panicule cauline.
12. S. marginata, Thw. ; foliis magnis, lanceolatis, conspicue mem- branaceo-marginatis, acuminatis, ad basin angustatis | cordatisque, petiolo valde incrassato ; paniculis caulinis, ramosis, delicatulis, pilo- oe 2677. stints :
ar. a. glabra; folits g — : Ghee cos Var. B. anh d rotate subtus fed patentibus, rigidis hirsutis.* as. Damp forests in the Galle, Ratnapoora, and Ambagamowa icts. pt
Frutez ius, 6-8-pedalis, parce ramosus. olia 6-14 poll. longa, 24-5 poll.
lata, netiolo 4-14 poll. sy feat ovoidese, oblique, parce compresse, circiter
.
78 ENUMERATION OF [ Terebinthacea.
4, lin. longe, rufescentes, Aypocarpio wqnilato dimidio breviore poculiformi coc- cineo suffulte.
4. GLYCYCARPUS, Dalzell. Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. ii, (1850) p. 38.
1. G. racemosa, Dalz. l.c.; Hook. Icon. Pl. ix. t. 842.—c.p. 1260.
Has. Very common, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. “‘ Bala-gass.’
Drup@ mature nigro-purpurere. Cotyledones seepissime purpureo-tincte.
5. BUCHANANTA, Roxb.
1. B. angustifolia, Roxb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 169, cum syn.; Wight, Icon. t. 101.)—c.p. 471, 1255.
Has. North of the island, Gardner; Galagama.
Buchanania ? Zeylanica, Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. p. 185, is probably a state of Mangifera Indica, Linn., judging from the native name he has given of the plant.
6. CAMPNOSPERMA, Thw. Hook. Journ. of Bot. vol. vi. p. 65. t. 14. Walpers, Ann, vol. iv. p. 444.
1. C. Seylanicum, Thw., |. c.—c.p. 246. Has. Saffragam and Ambagamowa Districts, generally on the banks of streams, up to an elevation of 1000 feet. ;
7. ODINA, Roxb.
1.. 0. Wodier, Roxb. (W. et A. Prod. i. 171, cum syn.; Wight, Tecones, t. 60.)—c.P. 1161.
Has. Warmer parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Hig- or Hik-gass.”
A considerable quantity of gum exudes from the trunk of this tree, which the na- ~ tives use as a medicinal plaster.
8. EVIA, Comm.
Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. p. 234. Spondias, Auct. (partim).
1. EB. amara, Comm. (Blume, |. c. cum syn.)—c.P. 1263. Has. Common, up to an elevation of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “Am- baralla-gass.” : 9. PROTIUM, Burm.
1, P. caudatum, W. et A. Prod. i. 176.—c.P. 1261. Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, at no great elevation.
- 10. SCUTINANTHE, Thw. Hook, Journ, of Bot. vol. viii. (1856) p. 266, t. 8 B. Flores abortu dioici. Calyx cupuliformis, carnoso-coriaceus, in seg-
Homalinee.)} CEYLON PLANTS. 79
mentis 5 erectis valvatis ad medium divisus, persistens. Corolla cum calyce xquilonga; petalis 5, erectis, valvatis, carnoso-coriaceis, persis- tentibus. Stamina 10; filamentis in annulum parte inferiore cum disco glanduloso interno et basi calycis corolleque consolidata coherentibus, apice liberis ; antheris oblongis, introrsis, Bore affixis. Ovarium bilo- culare, loculis biovulatis; ovwlis collateralibus, axi affixis, amphitropis. Stylus brevissimus. Stigma disciforme. Nuculania carnosa; putamine mediocri, osseo, abortu monospermo. Semen pendulum; festa mem- branacea ; cotyledonibus magnis, foliaceis, integris, plicato-rugosis; ra- dicula parva. _ 1. S. brunnea, Thw., l. c.—c.p. 1149.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 2000 to 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. ‘‘ Maha-booloomora-gass.””
Arbor 50-60-pedalis. Ramu/i, cum foliis junioribus, rufo-tomentosi. Folia im- _pari-pinnata, 10-20 poll. longa, exstipulata; pedio/o superne sulcato, basi tumido, striato ; foliolis 5-11, oblongis, parce obliquis, acuminatis, integris, 4-8 poll. longis, 2-3 poll. latis, rufescentibus, petiolulo 4 lin. longo. Panicule axillares, multiflore, tomentose. ores 8 lin. lati. Nuculania oblonga, rufo-tomentosa, utrinque at-- tenuata, pollicaria,
11. CANARIUM, Linn.
1, GC. Zeylanicum, Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. p. 218, cum syn.— C. balsamiferwm, Moon, Cat. p. 68.—c.P. 2649. Has. Warm, moister parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Kaakoona-gass.” Stipule majuscule, petiolares, a ramulo parum distantes, brevi-stipitats, oblique, rotundato-sagittate, cito decidue. : The resinous balsam, which exudes copiously from the trunk of this tree, is used by the natives for burning, after being mixed with paddy-chaff; and the smoke given off is reputed to drive away snakes from the domicile. :
LVII. CHAILLETIACE.
1. MOACURRA, Roxb.
1. M. gelonioides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 69.—c.P. 1245. Var. 8; foliis subtus plus minus tomentosis.—c.P. 1231, _ Haz. Common in the moister parts of the island, and up to an eleva- tion of 3000 feet. wad = Ican find nothing to distinguish var. 8 from the other form o tl is species nt its usually greater secassennds pr ent and the tomentum, which varies exceedingly Mm amount, upon the ramuli and the under surface of its leaves.
LVIII. HOMALINEZ. ~
1. BLACKWELLIA, Comm.
* 1. B. Ceylanica, Gardner, Calcutta Journ: of Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p. 452.— B. tetrandra, Wight, Icones, t. 1851.—c.P. 388. _ Has. Moister parts of the island, up to an elevation of 3000 feet.
Nom. vulg. “ Leeyang-gass.
80: ENUMERATION OF [ Connaracee.
Arbor 30-40-pedalis; ramulis foltisque junioribus rubris. Florum spice sepis- sime valde elongatee, pendule. ge The wood of this tree is strong, and useful for building purposes.
LIX. CONNARACE.
1. ROUREA, Aub.
1. R. santaloides, W. et A. (Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. p. 262, cum syn.)—c.P. 749.
Haz. Common, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Ke- rindi-wel.”
2. CONNARUS, Linn.
1. CG. monocarpus, Linn. (Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. p. 265, cum syn.)—c.P. 323. ~ Han. Very abundant in the hot, drier parts of the island. Nom. vulg. “‘ Radaleya-gass.”
2. CG. Championii, Thw.;. ramulis foliisque novellis. cam paniculis rufo-nigro-furfuraceis ; foliis 5-7-foliolatis ; foliolis ellipticis, acumina- tis ; folliculis transverse rugulosis, glabris, subtruncato-obovatis, versus basin angustatis.—c.P. 2399.
Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 4000 feet.
Frutex scandens. Foliola 24-4 poll. longa, 14-22 poll. lata; petiolu/o incrassato, 23 lin. longo. Panicularum rami ultimi racemiformes. Pedice/li breves. Calycis lacinie oblongze, externe furfuraceee. Petala longiora, albida, rufo-punctata, parce pilosa. Stamina 10, basi coalita; 5 antherifera, cum totidem plus quam dimidio brevioribus, antheris effetis alternantia. Ovarzwm rufo-pilosum.
3. C. unifoliolatus, Thw.; foliis glabris, petiolatis, 1-foliolatis ; fo- a
liolo elliptico vel ovato, abrupte acuminato, reticulato ; petiolulo brevi, tumido, rugulosulo; paniculis parvis, axillaribus, 1-, 2-, vel 3-nis, ra- ee 2443.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet; rather rare.
Arbor mediocris, 20-80-pedalis ; ramulis petiolisque nigricantibus ; novellis fuseo- pilosis. oliola 13-83} poll. longa, 1-12 poll. lata; petio/u/o 1 lin. longo, cum pe- tiolo 8 lin. longo basi tumidulo articulato. Panicule 4—7-floree, pallide fusco-hir- sutee; bracteolis linearibus, deciduis. Flores abortu dioici, pallide virides, circiter 3 lin. in exp., brevi-pedicellati, cam panicule ramorum apicibus articulati. Calycis lacinie acute, petalis externe pilosis plus quam dimidio breviores, Stamina bast coalita; 5 antherifera, cum totidem brevibus anautheris dentiformibus alternantia. Ovarium ap in stylum brevem ‘attenuatum ; stigmate dilatato. Follicult (immaturi) fulvo-tomentosi, arcuato-faleati, acuti, basi in stipitem longum attenuati.
Leguminose. | CEYLON PLANTS: 81
LX. LEGUMINOSA. Susorp. 1. PAPILIONACEZ.
1. HEYLANDIA, DC. ~
1. H. latebrosa, DC. (W. et A. Prod. i. 180, cum syn.)—o.P, 1275. Has. Abundant in the Badulla District.
2. CROTALARTA, Linn. (Nom. vernac. “ Andanahiriya.”)
1. GC. biflora, Linn. (W. et A. Prod. i. 190, cum syn.)—o.v. 3325.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, Gardner.
2. ©. prostrata, Roxb. (W. et A., l. c. p. 189, cum syn.)—c.P. 1266 (partim).
Has. Batticaloa District.
3. C. ferruginea, Grah. (Benth. Lond. Journ. of Bot. ii. 476, cum syn.)—c.P. 1265. ;
Has. Central Province, up to an elevation of 4000 feet.
4. CG. evolvuloides, W. et A. Prod. i. 188.—c.p. 1266 (partim).
Has. Ceylon.
5. ©. bifaria, Linn. (W. et A., lc. p- 188, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 30.)—c.p. 3593.
Has. Central Province.
6. C. multiflora, Benth. 1. c. p. 478; Walp. Rep. v. 437.—c.P. 1268.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 feet. -
7. C. Wightiana, Grah. (W. et A., l.c. p. 181.—? C. scabrella, W. et A., 1. c.)—o.P. 2772. z
Central Province, at an elevation of 1000 to 3000 feet.
a very variable species, and I suspect that C. scabrel/a, W. et A., is only a form 0) * : 8. C. retusa, Linn. (W. et A., l.c. p. 187, eum syn.)—c.P. 1274. Has. Very dies up to an debates of 2000 feet. Nom. vulg. “ Kaha-andanahirya-gass.”
9. C. verrucosa, Linn. (W. et A., l.c. cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 200.)\—o.P. 1273. :
Haz. Abundant, up to an elevation of 3000 feet, Nom. vulg. “ Nil- andanahirya,” “ Yak-bairiye.” . — C. semperflorens, Ventn. (Walp. Rep. v. 439; cum syn.)—c.P. 12
. Central Province, at an elevation of 4000 to 7000 feet. - 11. ©. juncea, Linn. (W. et A., l.c. p. 185, cum syn.)—c.P. 1264,
. Not uncommon, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. cc Hanna.” The Cinghalese make cord of the strong fibre of this plant.
12. C. lunulata, Heyne, (W. et A., l.c. p. 183, cum syn.; Wight, Toones, t. 480.)—c.p. 1270 (1271). Has. Hot, drier parts of the island.
M
82 ENUMERATION OF [ Leguminosae.
13. C. calycina, Schr. (Benth. 1. c. p. 564, cum syn.; Walp. Rep. le. 441.)—c.p. 526. Z
Has. Common on open, grassy places in the Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 6000 feet.
‘14, C. Mysorensis, Roth, (Benth. 1. c. p. 566, cum syn.; Walp. 1. c.) —o.P. 3594.
Has. Batticaloa District.
15, GC. albida, Heyne, (Benth. 1. c. p. 567, cum syn.; Walp. 1. c. 442.) —c.P. 269 (2482). se a
Has. Central Province, in the Badulla and Maturatte Districts, at an elevation of 2000 to 4000 feet.
16. C. linifolia, Linn. (Walp. 1. c. cum syn.)—c.P. 1277.
Has. Near Galle, Gardner.
17. C. nana, Burm. (W. et A., Lc. p- 191, cum syn.)—c.P. 3301,
Has. Hotter parts of the island, at no great elevation.
18. ©. umbellata, Wight, (W. et A., 1. c.)—c.p. 1276.
Has. Central Province, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet.
If my specimens are correctly named, they approach almost too near to C. nana to be considered other than a variety of that species; and C. umbellata is perhaps only the mountain form of C. nana. I find the seeds of the former fewer in num- ber, as well as rather larger and more shining, than those of C. nana.
19. ©. medicaginea, Lam. (W. et A., 1. c. p- 192, cum syn.)—c.p. 1278.
Has. Hot, drier parts of the island, up to an elevation of 1500 feet.
This species varies extremely, sometimes occurring quite erect, and sparingly branched, with more numerous flowers, dnd with leaves a good deal larger than are seen on the procumbent seaside form. Can C. hernarioides, W. et A., and C. neg- fecta, W. et A., be forms of it? :
20. C. laburnifolia, Linn. (W. et A.,1.c. p. 193, cum syn.)—c.P. 367.
Has. Very common, up to an elevation of 3000 feet. Nom. vulg. *Yak-baireya.” .
21. ©. quinquefolia, Linn. (W. et A., l.c. p- 194, cum syn. ; var. tri-
Solia.)—c.P. 1272. Has. Bintenne, Gardner.
22. ©. striata, DC. (Walp. 1.c. p. 449, cum s n.)—c.P. 3608. Has, Common on roadsides, in the Nandian District.
CroraLaria IncaNA, Linn. (c.P. 1269), is a common weed in the Botanie Garden, but, no doubt, introduced.
3, PAROCHATUS, Ham.
1. P. communis, Ham. (Walp. Ann. iy. 478, nis .)—c.P. 2409. . Foes “aygesanan in the Central Province, at an sora of 4000 to eet.
TRIFOLIUM REPENS, Linn., is becoming naturalized in the neighbourhood of Ne- wera Ellia.
4, ROTHIA, Pers.
1. R. trifoliata, Pers. (W. et A. Prod. i. 195, cum syn.)—o.P. 1452. Has. Abundant in the hot, drier parts of the ale.
Leguminose. | CEYLON PLANTS. — 83
5. INDIGOFERA, Linn. (Nom, vernac. ‘ Awaree.”’)
1. I. linifolia, Retz, (W. et A. Prod. i. 198, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 313.) —c.p. 3514,
Has. Banks of the Mahawelliganga, on the Lower Badulla Road from Kandy.
2. I. cuneaphylla, Linn. (W. et A., lic. p-. 199, cum syn.; Wight, Icones, t. 403.)—c.p. 2775.
Has. Hotter